Nokea
The nurse should recognize that the client is experiencing which acid-base imbalance? Laboratory: pH 7.30 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 58 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 29 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L], PaO2 91 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]
- A. respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
- B. respiratory acidosis, fully compensated
- C. metabolic acidosis, partially compensated
- D. metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low pH (7.30) and high PaCO2 (58 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis. Elevated HCO3- (29 mEq/L) suggests partial compensation (A), as pH is not normalized.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is working in the emergency department caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results would be expected?
- A. pH = 7.50 [7.35-7.45]; PaO2 = 90 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]; PaCO2 = 37 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg]; HCO3- = 31 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L]
- B. pH = 7.31 [7.35-7.45]; PaO2 = 90 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]; PaCO2 = 56 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg]; HCO3- = 23 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L]
- C. pH = 7.51 [7.35-7.45]; PaO2 = 94 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]; PaCO2 = 31 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg]; HCO3- = 24 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L]
- D. pH = 7.31 [7.35-7.45]; PaO2 = 90 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]; PaCO2 = 37 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg]; HCO3- = 15 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis due to ketone accumulation, lowering pH and HCO3-. Option D (pH 7.31, HCO3- 15 mEq/L) reflects uncompensated metabolic acidosis. Options A and C show alkalosis, and B shows respiratory acidosis.
The nurse interprets this ABG result as Laboratory: pH 7.62 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 19 mmHg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3- 24 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L], PaO2 85 mmHg [80-100 mm Hg]
- A. compensated metabolic acidosis
- B. uncompensated metabolic acidosis
- C. compensated respiratory acidosis
- D. uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High pH (7.62) and low PaCO2 (19 mm Hg) with normal HCO3- indicate uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (D) due to hyperventilation.
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is currently receiving mechanical ventilation. After reviewing the client's arterial blood gas (ABG), the nurse identifies this ABG as Laboratory: pH 7.24 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 48 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 23 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L], PaO2 90 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]
- A. metabolic alkalosis
- B. metabolic acidosis
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. respiratory acidosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ABG shows low pH (7.24) and elevated PaCO2 (48 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis (D) due to CO2 retention, common in COPD. HCO3 is normal, suggesting no compensation.
The nurse would anticipate which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results?
- A. pH 7.29, PCO2 56, PaO2 83, HCO3 22
- B. pH 7.38, PCO2 40, PaO2 92, HCO3 25
- C. pH 7.49, PCO2 30, PaO2 96, HCO3 28
- D. pH 7.50, PCO2 44, PaO2 93, HCO3 34
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute respiratory failure causes CO2 retention and hypoxemia, leading to respiratory acidosis. Option A (pH 7.29, PaCO2 56, HCO3 22) reflects uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
The nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas results of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reporting dyspnea. The ABG results: pH 7.18 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 67 mmHg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3-
- A. respiratory acidosis
- B. metabolic acidosis
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low pH (7.18) and high PaCO2 (67 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis (A), common in COPD due to CO2 retention.