Nokea
The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?
- A. 6 months
- B. 9 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing whole milk to infants at around 12 months of age. This is because before the age of one, babies need the nutrients and fat found in breast milk, infant formula, or fortified toddler milk. Whole milk is a good source of fat and vitamin D for babies over 12 months old, but it is not recommended for younger infants as it does not have the appropriate balance of nutrients they need for healthy development. Introducing whole milk too early may also increase the risk of certain health issues such as iron deficiency anemia.
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A patient's serum sodium is within normal range. The nurse estimates that serum osmolality should be:
- A. Less than 136mOsm/kg
- B. Greater than 408mOsm/kg
- C. 280 to 295mOsm/kg
- D. 350 to 544mOsm/kg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal serum osmolality typically ranges between 280 to 295mOsm/kg. Serum osmolality reflects the concentration of solute particles in the blood, including sodium, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. Sodium is a major determinant of serum osmolality, but it is not the only factor. In this case, since the patient's serum sodium is within the normal range, the nurse can reasonably estimate that the serum osmolality would fall within the normal range of 280 to 295mOsm/kg. Options A, B, and D are outside the typical range for serum osmolality in a healthy individual.
The LPN is caring for a patient in the preoperative period who, even after verbalizing concerns and having questions answered, states, "I know I am not going to wake up after surgery." Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Reassure patient everything will be all right
- B. Explain national surgery death rate
- C. Inform the registered nurse
- D. Ask family to comfort the patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the LPN to take in this situation is to inform the registered nurse. The patient's statement indicates a high level of fear and anxiety about the surgery and their potential outcome. It is important to involve the registered nurse, who can provide further assessment, support, and interventions to address the patient's concerns appropriately. Simply reassuring the patient or providing statistics about national surgery death rates may not address the underlying fear and may require additional support and intervention. Asking the family to comfort the patient may not be the most appropriate immediate action as the patient's concerns are specific and may require professional support. Bringing the registered nurse into the situation allows for a comprehensive approach to addressing the patient's emotional needs before the surgery.
Which is the most appropriate nursing action when intermittently gavage-feeding a preterm newborn?
- A. Allow formula to flow by gravity.
- B. Insert tube through nares rather than mouth.
- C. Avoid letting newborn suck on tube.
- D. Apply steady pressure to syringe to deliver formula to stomach in a timely manner.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action when intermittently gavage-feeding a preterm newborn is to avoid letting the newborn suck on the tube. Preterm infants are at risk for disorganized feeding patterns and can develop a non-nutritive sucking habit when the tube is in their mouth. Allowing them to suck on the tube can lead to difficulty transitioning to oral feeding once they are ready, as they may associate feeding with the tube rather than with proper suckling at the breast or bottle. Therefore, it is important to prevent non-nutritive sucking during gavage feedings to promote successful oral feeding later on.
Usually, how does the patient behave after his seizure has subsided?
- A. Most comfortable walking and moving about
- B. Sleeps for a period of time
- C. Becomes restless and agitated
- D. starts singing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a seizure has subsided, it is common for the patient to experience restlessness and agitation. This may be due to confusion, disorientation, and fatigue following the seizure. Restlessness and agitation can also be caused by the brain's recovery process and the emotional impact of a seizure episode. It is important to provide a calm and supportive environment for the patient during this time and to ensure their safety until they fully recover from the seizure.
A nurse has been examining the vital signs of the client for the past 2 days. On a particular day, she observe a sudden change in the vital signs of the client. Which of the ff steps should the nurse take immediately?
- A. Inform the physician
- B. Change the environmental settings of the client
- C. Alter the diet intake of the client
- D. Decrease the physical activity of the client if any.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should immediately inform the physician about the sudden change in the client's vital signs. Sudden changes in vital signs can be indicative of a serious health issue or medical emergency that would require the expertise and intervention of a physician. Prompt communication with the physician is essential to ensure timely assessment, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment for the client. It is crucial to prioritize the client's well-being and safety in such situations, which is why informing the physician is the most appropriate and urgent step to take.