Nokea
The nurse should understand the process by which the HIV infection occurs. Once the virus has entered the body, what is the time frame for seroconversion to HIV positivity?
- A. 6 to 10 days
- B. 2 to 4 weeks
- C. 6 to 12 weeks
- D. 6 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seroconversion to HIV typically occurs within 6 to 12 weeks after the virus enters the body.
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Which statement best exemplifies contemporary maternity nursing?
- A. Use of midwives for all vaginal deliveries
- B. Family-centered care
- C. Free-standing birth clinics
- D. Physician-driven care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contemporary maternity nursing focuses on the family's needs and desires, with both midwives and physicians providing care.
A 32-year-old female patient arrives to the emergency department with heavy uterine bleeding. The nurse finds that the patient had a positive pregnancy test 1 month prior to the visit. What is the potential medical management for this patient's issue?
- A. Endometrial biopsy
- B. Dilation and curettage
- C. Colposcopy
- D. Laparoscopy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dilation and curettage. This procedure is indicated for heavy uterine bleeding in the setting of a positive pregnancy test to diagnose and treat conditions such as incomplete miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Dilation and curettage involves dilating the cervix and scraping the uterine lining to remove any remaining products of conception. It is important in this case to rule out any potential sources of bleeding that could be life-threatening.
A: Endometrial biopsy is not the appropriate initial management in this scenario as it is primarily used to assess endometrial pathology such as cancer.
C: Colposcopy is a procedure used to examine the cervix and vagina for abnormalities, not typically indicated for heavy uterine bleeding in the setting of a positive pregnancy test.
D: Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to view the abdominal organs, not typically indicated for uterine bleeding related to a positive pregnancy test.
At the present time, which agency governs surrogate parenting?
- A. State law
- B. Federal law
- C. Individual court decision
- D. Protective child services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: State law. Surrogate parenting laws are primarily regulated at the state level in the United States. Each state has its own laws and regulations regarding the legality and requirements of surrogate parenting arrangements. Federal law does not specifically govern surrogate parenting. While individual court decisions may impact specific cases, they do not set overarching regulations for surrogate parenting. Protective child services focus on the welfare and protection of children in cases of abuse or neglect, not on the legality of surrogate parenting arrangements. Thus, state law is the correct answer as it is the primary authority governing surrogate parenting.
A nurse caring for a pregnant client should be aware that the U.S. birth rate shows what trend?
- A. Births to unmarried women are more likely to have less favorable outcomes.
- B. Birth rates for women 40 to 44 years of age are declining
- C. Cigarette smoking among pregnant women continues to increase.
- D. Rates of pregnancy and abortion among teenagers are lower in the United States than in any other industrialized country.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: LBW infants and preterm births are more likely because of the large number of teenagers in the unmarried group.
Which condition is the most life-threatening virus to the fetus and neonate?
- A. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses the most significant threat to the fetus and neonate.