Nokea
The nurse takes into consideration that age-related changes can affect the peripheral circulation because of which factor?
- A. sclerosed blood vessels.
- B. hypotension.
- C. inactivity.
- D. poor nutrition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging causes sclerotic changes in the blood vessels that lead to decreased elasticity and narrowing of the vessel lumen.
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What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
- A. Secondary hypertension is caused by another disorder like renal disease.
- B. Secondary hypertension is related to hereditary factors.
- C. Secondary hypertension cannot be treated effectively.
- D. Secondary hypertension is no real threat to health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secondary hypertension is a consistently elevated blood pressure that is caused by another disorder, such as renal disease, diabetes, or Cushing syndrome.
The nurse reminds the patient who is taking warfarin for the treatment of peripheral artery disease not to eat excessive green and yellow vegetables for which reason?
- A. Potassium in the vegetables can cause additional bleeding
- B. Green and yellow vegetables cause loose bowel movements
- C. Vitamin $\mathrm{K}$ in the vegetables counteracts the anticoagulant effect
- D. Potassium in the vegetables can cause hyperkalemia to develop
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient taking warfarin should not eat excessive amounts of vitamin $\mathrm{K}$ containing foods, such as green and yellow vegetables. Vitamin $\mathrm{K}$ counteracts the anticoagulant effect, and blood clots could develop.
A patient, age 72, was admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. Which is a characteristic signs and symptoms of angina pectoris?
- A. substernal pain that radiates down the left arm.
- B. epigastric pain that radiates to the jaw.
- C. indigestion, nausea, and eructation.
- D. fatigue, shortness of breath, and dyspnea.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pain often radiates down the left inner arm to the little finger and also upward to the shoulder and jaw.
The nurse assesses that the home health patient has no signs or symptoms of heart failure, but does have a history of rheumatic fever and has been recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse is aware that using the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) staging, this patient would be in which stage?
- A. stage A.
- B. stage B.
- C. stage C.
- D. stage D.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ACC/AHA staging describes stage A as a person without symptoms of heart failure, but with primary conditions associated with the development of the disease.
After an influenza-like illness, the patient reports chills and small petechiae in his mouth and his legs. A heart murmur is detectable. These are characteristic signs of which disorder?
- A. congestive heart failure.
- B. heart block.
- C. aortic stenosis.
- D. infective endocarditis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Collection of subjective data includes noting patient complaints of influenza-like symptoms with recurrent fever, undue fatigue, chest pain, and chills. Objective data may reveal the significant signs of petechiae in the conjunctiva and mouth. Both subjective data and objective data are indicative of infective endocarditis.