Nokea
The nurse teaches a postmenopausal patient with stage III breast cancer about the expected outcomes of cancer treatment. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
- A. After cancer has not recurred for 5 years, it is considered cured.
- B. The cancer will be cured if the entire tumor is surgically removed.
- C. I will need follow-up examinations for many years after treatment before I can be considered cured.
- D. Cancer is never cured, but the tumor can be controlled with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stage III breast cancer's advanced local spread means long-term vigilance, not a quick cured' label. Five years recurrence-free is a milestone, but not universal some hit sooner, others never. Surgery alone won't cut it; chemo and radiation tag-team it. Never cured' overstates control's the goal, but cure's possible. Nurses in oncology drill this: years of follow-ups track sneaky recurrence, key for stage III's tricky prognosis.
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Lymphoma is differentiated in stages to assisting classifications. Stage III is when there are
- A. Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs
- B. Involvement limited to one side of the diaphragm with two or more lymph node regions
- C. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm
- D. Involvement of a single lymph node region or single extralymphatic organ or site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lymphoma's Stage III nodes jump diaphragm's sides, not one-sided, organ-wide, or solo. Nurses stage this, a chronic spread mark.
Which is not true of secondary syphilis?
- A. it occurs 3-6 weeks after the primary stage
- B. it involves nonspecific symptoms eg, headache malaise
- C. there is lymphadenopathy
- D. there is a rash, which is pink plaques
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary syphilis rash spreads, not just pink plaques; timing, malaise, nodes, tests fit. Nurses map this chronic bloom.
A 56-year-old patient comes to the walk-in clinic for scant rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea and constipation for the past several months. There is a history of polyps and a family history for colorectal cancer. While you are trying to teach about colonoscopy, the patient becomes angry and threatens to leave. What is the priority diagnosis?
- A. Diarrhea/Constipation related to altered bowel patterns
- B. Knowledge Deficit related to disease process and diagnostic procedure
- C. Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit related to rectal bleeding and diarrhea
- D. Anxiety related to unknown outcomes and perceived threat to body integrity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's anger and threat to leave during colonoscopy teaching signal emotional distress overriding physical symptoms. Anxiety stemming from uncertain outcomes and perceived bodily threat fits, as colorectal cancer risk tied to polyps and family history heightens fear, blocking education uptake. Diarrhea/constipation reflects symptoms but isn't immediately urgent with scant bleeding. Knowledge deficit exists but is secondary fear drives the refusal, not just ignorance. Fluid volume risk is plausible with bleeding, yet no data suggests acute loss; stability allows focus on emotions. Addressing anxiety first calms the patient, enabling teaching and care, a priority in this tense encounter where psychological barriers could delay critical colorectal screening and intervention.
In which illness can hydrophobia be seen?
- A. tetanus
- B. malaria
- C. rabies
- D. EBV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrophobia rabies' brain hates water, not tetanus' clench, malaria's sweat, EBV's glands, or HSV's sores. Nurses clock this chronic rabies red flag.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with:
- A. Skeletal muscle dysfunction.
- B. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≥ 25 mm Hg.
- C. Significant reversibility in airflow limitation with bronchodilator therapy.
- D. Depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a well-documented extrapulmonary manifestation due to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced physical activity, leading to muscle wasting and weakness. Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (≥ 25 mm Hg) defines pulmonary hypertension, which can occur secondary to COPD but is not a universal feature. Significant reversibility in airflow limitation is more typical of asthma, not COPD, where bronchodilator response is limited. The FEVâ‚/FVC ratio in COPD is typically <0.7, not >0.7, making that option incorrect. Depression is common in COPD patients due to chronic illness and reduced quality of life, but it's not a defining feature. Among these, skeletal muscle dysfunction is most consistently associated with COPD pathophysiology, reflecting its systemic impact beyond the lungs.