Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following should be included in the discharge teaching?
- A. Decrease physical activity to avoid spikes in blood pressure
- B. Diet changes are not recommended
- C. Only check blood pressure at a clinic or pharmacy
- D. Adherence to sodium restrictions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypertension bows to sodium cutting it shrinks fluid, easing BP, a discharge must-teach as salt drives pressure up. Activity lowers BP, diet's key, home checks empower. Nurses push sodium limits, like 2.3 g daily, a lifestyle linchpin to tame this silent killer, grounding clients in control.
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Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of which of the following disorders?
- A. Dyslipidaemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Cancer
- D. All disorders mentioned above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity hauls dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cancer fat's a triple threat, no dodge. Nurses see this, a chronic disease bundle.
Which of the following test(s) is/are routinely used in the assessment of heart failure?
- A. Holter monitoring
- B. ECG and echocardiography
- C. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
- D. Echocardiography
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ECG and echocardiography are routine in heart failure assessment ECG detects ischemia/arrhythmias, echocardiography confirms ejection fraction and structure, per ESC guidelines. Holter monitoring targets arrhythmias, not routine. Ambulatory BP aids hypertension, not HF directly. Trans-oesophageal echo is specialized. This pair ensures comprehensive chronic HF evaluation.
A study by Epstein & Sowers found that hypertension was X times as prevalent in patients with diabetes compared to the general population. What is X?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes doubles hypertension's odds Epstein & Sowers peg it at two times higher, as insulin resistance and vascular stiffness team up, amplifying prevalence over the general crowd. Three, four, five, or six inflate the risk beyond data, skewing the synergy. This duo's frequent dance tied to shared pathways like RAAS pushes clinicians to screen harder, tackling both to cut cardiovascular and renal doom, a chronic combo grounded in solid stats.
Which of the following diseases has the highest proportion of chronic illness deaths in Canada?
- A. Cancer
- B. Diabetes
- C. Cardiovascular disease
- D. Chronic respiratory disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiovascular disease tops Canada's chronic death chart 37% globally in 2012 outpacing cancer's 27%, respiratory's 8%, and diabetes' 4%. Heart attacks and strokes dominate, fueled by aging and lifestyle, a stat nurses lean on for prevention focus. Cancer's big, breathing woes and sugar issues trail, but heart's the killer king, a chronic burden demanding vigilance.
Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are performed in an overweight person , in whom the disturbed glucose tolerance is now diagnosed for the first time, and in a person with normal body weight who shows normal glucose values after oral glucose intake. Question: Which of the following glucose and insulin values, measured one hour after oral glucose intake, are most consistent with these two people?
- A. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- B. Glucose 12 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
- C. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 40 mU/L
- D. Glucose 8 mmol/L, Insulin 10 mU/L ; Glucose 4 mmol/L, Insulin 60 mU/L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Overweight with new impaired tolerance high glucose, high insulin as fat resists; normal weight, normal test moderate glucose, steady insulin. Twelve and 60 fit the struggler; 8 and 40 the healthy nurses read this, a chronic resistance tale in numbers.