Nokea
The nurse transcribes an order to administer Valium 10 mg IV stat. This order is correctly interpreted by the nurse to mean it should be provided how? (Select all that apply.)
- A. As needed
- B. Immediately
- C. One time only
- D. Intravenously
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The stat order is generally used on an emergency basis. It means that the drug is to be administered as soon as possible, but only once. IV indicates the route is intravenous. A PRN order means administer if needed. The order would specify divided doses and amount per dose if indicated.
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Which of the following drugs are mucolytics?
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Carbocisteine and mecysteine
- C. Methadone or diamorphine
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbocisteine and mecysteine break mucus disulfide bonds, acting as mucolytics.
When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
- C. Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
- D. Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
Which of the following does albumin have the strongest affinity for?
- A. Anionic drugs
- B. Hydrophilic drugs
- C. Hydrophobic drugs
- D. A and C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albumin has the strongest affinity for hydrophobic drugs , which bind to its hydrophobic pockets, unlike hydrophilic drugs; anionic drugs may bind but less preferentially.
Adequate vitamin D is needed for:
- A. Absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract
- B. Regulation of serum calcium levels
- C. Regulation of serum phosphate levels
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption, regulates serum calcium, and maintains phosphate levels.
Scopolamine can be used to prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. The patient is taught to:
- A. Apply the transdermal disk at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is desired.
- B. Swallow the tablet 1 hour before traveling where motion sickness is possible.
- C. Place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve.
- D. Change the transdermal disk daily for maximal effect.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Scopolamine patches require 4 hours for onset, making preemptive application key.