Nokea
The nurse understands that a client with diabetes mellitus is at greater risk for developing which complication?
- A. Low blood pressure
- B. Urinary tract infections
- C. Lifelong obesity
- D. Elevated triglycerides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated blood glucose and glycosuria create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, increasing the risk of urinary tract, skin, and vaginal infections. Obesity and elevated triglycerides are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and low blood pressure is not a common complication.
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A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
- A. Glargine
- B. Regular
- C. NPH
- D. Lente
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular insulin is used intravenously for DKA due to its rapid onset and ability to be infused continuously. Glargine, NPH, and Lente are long- or intermediate-acting insulins administered subcutaneously, unsuitable for acute DKA management.
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is receiving short-acting insulin to maintain control of blood glucose levels. In providing glucometer instructions, the nurse would instruct the client to use which site for most accurate findings?
- A. Finger
- B. Upper arm
- C. Thigh
- D. Forearm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fingertip provides the most accurate blood glucose readings due to its rich blood supply and minimal lag in glucose levels compared to alternate sites like the arm or thigh, which are less reliable for tight glucose control.
A client asks why pancreas transplantation is not an option offered to all insulin-dependent clients with diabetes. Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Type 1 diabetes can be managed in most clients with insulin.
- B. Pancreas transplant is becoming more common.
- C. There is a long waiting list to receive a new pancreas.
- D. For every transplant, two deceased donors are needed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is manageable with insulin, and the risks of lifelong immunosuppression from transplantation often outweigh benefits. Pancreas transplants are not increasingly common, waiting lists are not the primary issue, and only one donor is needed.
A controlled type 2 diabetic client states, 'The doctor said if my blood sugars remain stable, I may not need to take any medication.' Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Diet, exercise, and weight loss can eliminate the need for medication.
- B. You will be placed on a strict low-sugar diet for better control.
- C. Some doctors do not treat blood sugar elevation until symptoms appear.
- D. You misunderstood the doctor. Let's ask for clarification.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lifestyle interventions like diet, exercise, and weight loss can effectively manage type 2 diabetes, potentially reducing or eliminating the need for medication. A strict low-sugar diet is not typically recommended, and waiting for symptoms or assuming misunderstanding is less appropriate.
On initial nursing rounds, the diabetic client reports 'not feeling well.' Later, the nurse finds the client to be diaphoretic and in a stuporous state. Which is the immediate action taken by the nurse?
- A. Call the physician.
- B. Obtain a glucometer reading.
- C. Administer fruit juice.
- D. Start an IV of dextrose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A glucometer reading is critical to differentiate between hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in a stuporous diabetic client. Administering juice or IV dextrose without confirming hypoglycemia risks worsening hyperglycemia, and calling the physician is secondary to obtaining a glucose level.