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The nurse who presents a class on different methods of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) differentiates between imagery and hypnosis in which of the following ways?
- A. Imagery involves the dependent mental construction of a picture, whereas hypnosis requires the patient to recall and verbally describe difficult times in his or her life.
- B. Hypnosis requires a trained psychologist, but imagery can be performed by any health care practitioner.
- C. Imagery produces a temporary sense of well-being compared with hypnosis, which evokes a permanent positive effect.
- D. Although both therapies focus on specific problems and guide the patient into relaxation, imagery requires the patient to formulate the impression, whereas the hypnotist constructs the image for the patient.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately differentiates between imagery and hypnosis. Imagery involves the patient formulating the impression in their mind, while hypnosis involves the hypnotist constructing the image for the patient. This is a key distinction as it highlights the active role of the patient in imagery compared to the more passive role in hypnosis.
Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately describes the process of hypnosis and imagery. Choice B is incorrect because both imagery and hypnosis can be performed by trained practitioners. Choice C is incorrect as both techniques can have varying durations of effectiveness, and it is not accurate to say that imagery only produces temporary well-being compared to hypnosis.
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When deciding which staffing option to use on a nursing unit that will open soon, the manager realizes that:
- A. continuity of care is enhanced and errors are reduced when nurses provide care over longer shifts and consecutive workdays, such as 12-hour shifts on 3 consecutive days per week.
- B. the use of part-time nurses provides the variability needed to meet diverse patient needs.
- C. satisfaction of the staff equates to satisfaction of patients.
- D. nurses provide the same level of care, regardless of the work environment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Continuity of care is enhanced with longer shifts because nurses have more time to build relationships with patients and understand their needs.
Step 2: Working consecutive days per week reduces handoffs, which can lead to errors and miscommunications.
Step 3: 12-hour shifts allow nurses to have more days off, reducing burnout and fatigue.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect as part-time nurses may not provide consistent care. Choice C is incorrect as staff satisfaction doesn't always translate to patient satisfaction. Choice D is incorrect as the work environment can impact the quality of care provided by nurses.
To ensure that nursing legislation is current and is reviewed by specific dates, if a nurse practice act fails to be reviewed, it is automatically rescinded under which law?
- A. Nurse review act
- B. Sunset legislation
- C. Mandatory revocation
- D. Grandfathering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunset legislation. Sunset legislation mandates that laws, including nurse practice acts, must be reviewed periodically to determine if they are still needed. If a nurse practice act is not reviewed by the specified date, it is automatically rescinded. This process ensures that laws are current and relevant.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Nurse review act - There is no specific law called the Nurse review act that pertains to the automatic rescinding of nurse practice acts.
C: Mandatory revocation - This choice does not align with the process of automatic rescinding based on a failure to review.
D: Grandfathering - Grandfathering refers to exempting individuals from new regulations based on previous circumstances, not the automatic rescinding of laws.
Health care is one of the major stories in newspaper and television and a group of nurses are interested in how the economy impacts their nursing practice. The group critiques the relationship between contemporary economic trends and professional nursing practice and finds:
- A. the implementation of the DRG system led to the nursing shortage since cost of nursing care is not billed.
- B. nursing care is focused on technologically advanced acute care rather than preventive, patient-centered care.
- C. with pay for performance, nurses have a significant effect on the quality of patient outcomes by reducing errors and providing care based on best practices.
- D. economic issues have little or no impact on nursing practice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pay for performance initiatives incentivize nurses to improve patient outcomes by reducing errors and following best practices. This directly links economic incentives to nursing practice. Choice A is incorrect because the DRG system primarily affects hospital reimbursement, not nursing shortages. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the type of care, not the economic impact on nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect as economic factors like funding, resources, and reimbursement significantly influence nursing practice.
A nurse is delegating to the newly hired nursing unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) the task of assisting with oral hygiene, knowing that this assignment "does not require decisions based on the nursing process." The nurse is correctly using which of the five rights of delegation?
- A. Supervision
- B. Communication
- C. Person
- D. Circumstance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Person
Rationale:
- The five rights of delegation are Right Task, Right Circumstances, Right Person, Right Direction/Communication, and Right Supervision.
- In this scenario, choosing the Right Person means delegating tasks to individuals with appropriate skills and abilities, such as UAP assisting with oral hygiene.
- This choice is correct as the nurse is delegating a task that falls within the UAP's scope of practice without requiring nursing process decisions.
The surgical team arrives in the operating room and one member states, "Everyone stop. Let's identify the patient and operative site. Now does anyone have any questions or concerns?" This process is known as:
- A. time-out.
- B. a critical pathway.
- C. special cause variation.
- D. lean methodology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: time-out. A time-out is a crucial pre-operative safety practice where the surgical team pauses to verify the patient's identity, procedure, and surgical site to prevent errors. This step ensures everyone is on the same page and reduces the risk of wrong-site surgeries.
Explanation:
1. Identify patient and operative site: By verifying the patient's identity and the correct surgical site, the team prevents potential mistakes.
2. Address questions or concerns: Encouraging team members to voice any uncertainties or issues promotes open communication and collaboration.
3. Safety measure: The time-out is a key component of the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist to enhance patient safety.
Summary:
B: A critical pathway is a predetermined sequence of steps in patient care, not specific to surgical safety.
C: Special cause variation refers to statistical process control, unrelated to surgical safety.
D: Lean methodology focuses on efficiency and waste reduction in processes, not directly related to pre-operative safety checks like a time