Nokea
A cultural phenomenon that is based on biologic variation would include:
- A. belief that exposure of a pregnant woman to an eclipse can result in cleft lip.
- B. denser bones in blacks result in less morbidity associated with osteoporosis.
- C. the grandmother who determines that her grandchild has scoliosis and should seek treatment, then informs the parents of her decision.
- D. a family that participates in feasts prepared to celebrate and make decisions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it describes a cultural belief that attributes a physical trait (cleft lip) to a specific biological event (exposure to an eclipse during pregnancy). This choice demonstrates a cultural phenomenon based on biologic variation.
Choice B is incorrect because it attributes denser bones in blacks to less morbidity from osteoporosis, which is a generalization and not necessarily a cultural phenomenon. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a family dynamic related to healthcare decision-making and not a cultural belief based on biologic variation. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a family tradition related to feasting and decision-making, which does not directly involve biologic variation.
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A new graduate is excited about finding the first job but doesn't want to make the costly mistake of taking the first job offered or taking a job that doesn't meet her career goals. She learns the best way to know the culture of the potential employer is networking with:
- A. the executives at the competing agency.
- B. alumni that graduated from the same school and work in the area.
- C. nurses currently working in the agency.
- D. friends or people who have been patients at the agency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: alumni that graduated from the same school and work in the area. Networking with alumni who graduated from the same school and work in the area is the best way to know the culture of the potential employer because they can provide insider insights based on their own experiences. Alumni are likely to offer honest and firsthand information about the work environment, company culture, and career growth opportunities. They can also provide valuable advice on how to navigate the hiring process and make an informed decision. Networking with executives at a competing agency (choice A) may not provide accurate information about the potential employer's culture. Nurses currently working in the agency (choice C) may not have a comprehensive view of the overall culture. Friends or people who have been patients at the agency (choice D) are unlikely to provide relevant insights into the work culture.
The precise classification of clients according to the highest diagnosis-related group (DRG) has created a new role for nurses, known as a nurse.
- A. case management
- B. quality assurance
- C. utilization review
- D. cost-control
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: case management. Case management involves coordinating care for patients to ensure they receive appropriate services and resources. DRGs determine reimbursement based on patient diagnoses, making accurate classification crucial. Nurses in case management play a key role in ensuring patients are placed in the correct DRG category for optimal care and reimbursement.
Other choices are incorrect because:
B: Quality assurance focuses on monitoring and improving the quality of care, not specifically tied to DRG classification.
C: Utilization review involves assessing the appropriateness and necessity of healthcare services, not directly related to DRG classification.
D: Cost-control pertains to managing healthcare costs, but does not address the specific role of nurses in DRG classification and patient care coordination.
The RN who identifies the best resources at the lowest cost to achieve optimal health outcomes for the client is fulfilling the role of:
- A. informatics specialist.
- B. educator.
- C. case manager.
- D. quality manager.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: case manager. A case manager coordinates resources to achieve optimal health outcomes for clients efficiently. They assess, plan, implement, and evaluate care while considering cost-effectiveness. Informatics specialists focus on data and technology, educators provide knowledge, and quality managers ensure high standards. In this scenario, the key role is coordinating resources, making C the best choice.
A patient's spouse was just diagnosed with lung cancer although there was no history of tobacco use. The spouse states, "I am so mad. How can you get cancer without smoking?" Which statement by the nurse represents empathy?
- A. "Research is identifying many risk factors for cancer besides smoking."
- B. "I understand how you could feel angry about the diagnosis."
- C. "He is still a good husband."
- D. "Why do you think he got cancer?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates empathy by acknowledging and validating the spouse's feelings of anger. By stating, "I understand how you could feel angry about the diagnosis," the nurse shows compassion and understanding towards the spouse's emotional response. This response helps to build trust and rapport with the patient's spouse during a difficult time.
Choice A is incorrect as it focuses more on providing information rather than acknowledging the spouse's emotions. Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the spouse's feelings of anger and is not relevant to the situation. Choice D is incorrect as it comes across as confrontational and may make the spouse feel defensive.
An RN makes the following assignments at the beginning of the shift. Which assignment would be considered high-risk delegation?
- A. A novice RN is assigned a patient with diabetes mellitus requiring mixing of regular and NPH insulin.
- B. An LPN is assigned an older adult with pneumonia and who requires dressing changes on a foot wound.
- C. An unlicensed assistive person is assigned the task of assisting a patient with late stages of Huntington's disease to ambulate a short distance in the hallway.
- D. A float RN from the oncology unit is assigned a patient with a white blood cell count of 4000 mm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves a high-risk delegation. Mixing insulin is a complex task that requires precise measurements and understanding of the patient's condition. A novice RN may lack the experience and knowledge to safely perform this task, leading to potential harm for the patient.
Choice B involves wound care, which is within an LPN's scope of practice and not as high-risk as insulin administration. Choice C involves basic ambulation assistance, which is appropriate for an unlicensed assistive person under supervision. Choice D involves caring for a patient with low white blood cell count, which may be challenging but not as high-risk as insulin mixing for a novice RN.