Nokea
The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect when caring for a patient undergoing plasmapheresis?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Hypersensitivity
- C. Urticaria
- D. Flank pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypotension occurs during plasmapheresis because of transient volume changes in the blood.
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The nurse takes into consideration that when the antigen and antibody react, the complement system is activated. This results in which activity?
- A. toughens the cell wall.
- B. generates more T cells.
- C. attracts phagocytes.
- D. makes the antigen resistant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that are dormant until there is an antigen-antibody interaction. The proteins destroy the cell membrane and attract phagocytes.
Health care facilities have reduced the incidence of serious latex reactions by taking which action?
- A. having local and injectable corticosteroids on hand for employees.
- B. desensitizing staff who are allergic.
- C. supplying extra hand washing stations in the halls.
- D. using only powder-free gloves.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Powder inside gloves can become aerosolized and cause inhalant reactions.
How does normal aging change the immune system?
- A. Depresses bone marrow.
- B. T cells become hyperactive.
- C. B cells show deficiencies in activity.
- D. Increase in the size of the thymus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal aging causes deficiencies in both B and T cell activation, but the bone marrow is essentially uncompromised. The thymus decreases in size.
Which step is the third step in the sequence of a plasmapheresis procedure?
- A. Removal of whole blood in one arm
- B. Circulation of blood through cell separator
- C. Remainder of plasma returned through vein in opposite arm
- D. Separation of plasma and its cellular components
- E. Replacement of plasma with lactated Ringer
- F. Removal of undesirable components
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The whole blood is drawn out of one arm; circulated through a cell separator; plasma is separated with its cellular components; the undesirable components are removed; the remainder of plasma is returned through a vein in the opposite arm; and the lost plasma is replaced with lactated Ringer, normal saline, frozen plasma, or albumin.
Which situation is an example of immunocompetence?
- A. A child that is immune to measles because of an inoculation
- B. A person who has seasonal allergies every fall
- C. When the symptoms of a common cold disappear in 1 day
- D. A neonate having a natural immunity from maternal antibodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunocompetence is demonstrated by the immune system responding appropriately to a foreign stimulus and the body's integrity is maintained as with cold symptoms that resolve without residual illness.