Nokea
An anxious patient enters the emergency room with angioedema of the lips and tongue, dyspnea, urticaria, and wheezing after having eaten a peanut butter sandwich. Which action will be the nurse's first intervention?
- A. Apply cool compresses to urticaria.
- B. Provide oxygen per nonrebreathing mask.
- C. Cover patient with a warm blanket
- D. Prepare for venipuncture for the delivery of IV medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Provision of oxygen is the initial primary intervention. Anaphylaxis may advance very rapidly and the patient may have to be intubated. Covering the patient with a warm blanket is not wrong, but not an initial intervention.
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For which purpose is plasmapheresis used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. To add corticosteroids to relieve pain.
- B. To remove pathologic substances present in the plasma.
- C. To remove waste products such as urea and albumin.
- D. To add antinuclear antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is the removal of plasma-containing components causing or thought to cause disease.
Which person is most at risk for having a reduced number of T-cells?
- A. 26 year old receiving a second desensitization injection
- B. 35 year old starting back on birth control tablets
- C. The 52 year old started on a new series of Pyridium for cystitis
- D. The 84 year old receiving penicillin for an annually recurring respiratory infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 84 year old with the deteriorated immune system is at risk for having a reduced number of T-cells.
The nurse recommends to the busy parent of three young children that the antihistamine fexofenadine would be more beneficial than diphenhydramine because fexofenadine has which quality?
- A. is inexpensive.
- B. contains a stimulant for an energy boost.
- C. does not dry out the mucous membranes.
- D. does not induce drowsiness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allegra does not induce drowsiness as does Benadryl.
What is the etiology of autoimmune diseases based on?
- A. Reaction to a 'superantigen'
- B. Immune system producing no antibodies at all
- C. T cells destroying B cells
- D. B and T cells producing autoantibodies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autoimmune disorders are failures of the tolerance to 'self.' B and T cells produce autoantibodies that can cause pathophysiologic tissue damage. Autoimmune disorders may be described as an immune attack on the self and result from the failure to distinguish 'self' protein from 'foreign' protein.
Which term is used to describe transplantation of tissue between members of the same species?
- A. Allograft
- B. Autograft
- C. Isograft
- D. Homograft
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The allograft is the transplantation of tissues between members of the same species, such as a graft for full-thickness burns.