Nokea
The nurse working in an organ transplantation program knows that which individual is typically the best donor of an organ?
- A. Child
- B. Identical twin
- C. Parent
- D. Same-sex sibling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An identical twin is the best donor because their genetic makeup is identical to the recipient, minimizing the risk of rejection.
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Which are steps in the process of making an antigen-specific antibody?
- A. Antibody-antigen binding
- B. Invasion
- C. Opsonization
- D. Recognition
- E. Sensitization
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The process of making antigen-specific antibodies includes exposure/invasion, antigen recognition, sensitization, antibody production and release, antigen-antibody binding, antibody binding actions, and sustained immunity. Opsonization is a separate process where antibodies mark antigens for destruction.
A client has been on dialysis for many years and now is receiving a kidney transplant. The client experiences hyperacute rejection. What treatment does the nurse prepare to facilitate?
- A. Kidney transplant
- B. High-dose steroid administration
- C. Monoclonal antibody therapy
- D. Plasmapheresis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperacute rejection occurs within minutes of transplantation and is irreversible. The organ must be removed, and the client returns to dialysis.
The student nurse learns that the most important function of inflammation and immunity is which purpose?
- A. The majority has bacteria of damage vaccines.
- B. Preventing any entry of foreign material
- C. Providing protection against invading organisms
- D. Regulating the process of self-tolerance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The purpose of inflammation and immunity is to provide protection to the body against invading organisms, whether they are bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal. These systems eliminate, destroy, or neutralize the offending agents.
A client has a leg wound that is in the second stage of the inflammatory response. For what manifestation does the nurse assess?
- A. Noticeable rubor
- B. Puniform learning
- C. Swelling and pain
- D. Warmth in the site
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the second phase of the inflammatory response, neutrophilia occurs, producing pus, which is assessed as purulent drainage or 'puniform learning' in the context of the question.
A nursing student learning about antibody-mediated immunity learns that the cell with the most direct role in this process begins development in which tissues or organ?
- A. Bone marrow
- B. Spleen
- C. Thymus
- D. Cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The B cell, which is the primary cell in antibody-mediated immunity, originates and is released from the bone marrow before traveling to secondary lymphoid tissues.