Nokea
The nurses plan of care for a patient with stage 3 HIV addresses the diagnosis of Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Related to Candidiasis. What nursing intervention best addresses this risk?
- A. Providing thorough oral care before and after meals
- B. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
- C. Promoting nutrition and adequate fluid intake
- D. Applying skin emollients as needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thorough mouth care has the potential to prevent or limit the severity of this infection. Antibiotics are irrelevant because of the fungal etiology. The patient requires adequate food and fluids, but these do not necessarily prevent candidiasis. Skin emollients are not appropriate because candidiasis is usually oral.
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The mother of two young children has been diagnosed with HIV and expresses fear of dying. How should the nurse best respond to the patient?
- A. Would you like me to have the chaplain come speak with you?
- B. Youll learn much about the promise of a cure for HIV.
- C. Can you tell me what concerns you most about dying?
- D. You need to maintain hope because you may live for several years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse can help the patient verbalize feelings and identify resources for support. The nurse should respond with an open-ended question to help the patient to identify fears about being diagnosed with a life-threatening chronic illness. Immediate deferral to spiritual care is not a substitute for engaging with the patient. The nurse should attempt to foster hope, but not in a way that downplays the patients expressed fears.
A nurse would identify that a colleague needs additional instruction on standard precautions when the colleague exhibits which of the following behaviors?
- A. The nurse wears face protection, gloves, and a gown when irrigating a wound.
- B. The nurse washes the hands with a waterless antiseptic agent after removing a pair of soiled gloves.
- C. The nurse puts on a second pair of gloves over soiled gloves while performing a bloody procedure.
- D. The nurse places a used needle and syringe in the puncture-resistant container without capping the needle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gloves must be changed after contact with materials that may contain high concentration of microorganisms, even when working with the same patient. Each of the other listed actions adheres to standard precautions.
A patient with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with AIDS-related wasting syndrome and AIDS-related anorexia. What drug has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients by increasing body fat stores?
- A. Advera
- B. Momordica charantia
- C. Megestrol
- D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Megestrol acetate (Megace), a synthetic oral progesterone preparation, promotes significant weight gain. In patients with HIV infection, it increases body weight primarily by increasing body fat stores. Advera is a nutritional supplement that has been developed specifically for people with HIV infection and AIDS. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is given as an enema and is part of alternative treatment for HIV/AIDS. Ranitidine prevents ulcers.
A public health nurse is preparing an educational campaign to address a recent local increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Lifestyle actions that improve immune function
- B. Educational programs that focus on control and prevention
- C. Appropriate use of standard precautions
- D. Screening programs for youth and young adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Until an effective vaccine is developed, preventing HIV by eliminating and reducing risk behaviors is essential. Educational interventions are the primary means by which behaviors can be influenced. Screening is appropriate, but education is paramount. Enhancing immune function does not prevent HIV infection. Ineffective use of standard precautions apply to very few cases of HIV infection.
A nurse is addressing the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among older adults. What principle should guide the nurses choice of educational interventions?
- A. Many older adults do not see themselves as being at risk for HIV infection.
- B. Many older adults are not aware of the difference between HIV and AIDS.
- C. Older adults tend to have more sex partners than younger adults.
- D. Older adults have the highest incidence of intravenous drug use.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is known that many older adults do not see themselves as being at risk for HIV infection. Knowledge of the relationship between HIV infection and AIDS is not known to affect the incidence of new cases. The statements about sex partners and IV drug use are untrue.