Nokea
The oral route of medication administration includes
- A. Sublingual and buccal medicines.
- B. Inhalants and mists.
- C. Ointments and patches.
- D. Eye and ear drops.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sublingual and buccal medications are administered through the mouth, qualifying as oral routes, whereas the others involve different administration methods.
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The patient you are caring for has been placed on warfarin (Coumadin) to prevent blood clots. Which teaching will you provide?
- A. Do not take aspirin or products containing aspirin while you are taking Coumadin.
- B. Report excessive bruising or bleeding from the gums, eyes, kidneys, intestines, or vagina.
- C. Do not consume milk or other dairy products while you are taking Coumadin.
- D. Do not drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit while you are taking Coumadin.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Aspirin increases bleeding risk with warfarin, and excessive bleeding is a serious side effect to report. Dairy and grapefruit do not significantly interact with warfarin.
Which patient is most likely to have a drug reaction?
- A. A patient with kidney failure who is on dialysis
- B. A patient who is more physically active than the average person
- C. A patient with no known drug allergies (NKDA)
- D. A patient who has never had a reaction to a medicine in the past
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with kidney failure have impaired drug clearance, increasing the risk of drug accumulation and reactions.
Which is true of the PDR?
- A. It contains only one index, so you must know the generic name of a drug to look it up.
- B. It is written specifically for nurses and includes topics for patient teaching.
- C. It contains colored pictures of many drugs in the Product Identification Section.
- D. It contains medication chemical composition, indications for use, contraindications, warnings, routes, and administration guidelines.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The PDR includes a Product Identification Section with colored pictures and detailed drug information, but it is not nurse-specific or limited to one index.
A patient with pneumonia is allergic to cephalosporin antibiotics. He tells you that he breaks out in a rash and itches if he takes it. The health-care provider has prescribed cefazolin (Ancef) for him because it is one of the few antibiotics that will kill the bacteria cultured from his sputum. What will you do?
- A. Hold the medication and notify the health-care provider.
- B. Give the medication and administer oral diphenhydramine (Benadryl) without an order because it is an OTC medication.
- C. Ask the supervising nurse to give the medication because the patient may have an allergic reaction.
- D. Give the medication and watch the patient closely for any signs of anaphylaxis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Due to the patient's known allergy, administering cefazolin risks a severe reaction. Holding the medication and notifying the provider is the safest action.
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new medicine that was costly to create. How will the company be compensated for the cost of their research and development?
- A. They will set the price of the medication very high to allow rebates from insurance companies.
- B. They will be awarded money from the government for developing a new medicine.
- C. They will get a portion of the payments that other companies receive when they sell the drug.
- D. They will be allowed to sell the medication with no competition for approximately 10 years.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmaceutical companies are granted patents, allowing exclusive sales rights for a period (typically around 10-20 years), enabling them to recoup research and development costs without competition.