Nokea
The ovaries are:
- A. Located in the male reproductive system
- B. A pair of small glands about the size and shape of almonds
- C. Long tubes connecting the vagina to the cervix
- D. Large elongated muscles found in the female bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ovaries are small, almond-shaped glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
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Some pregnant patients may complain of changes in their voice and impaired hearing. The nurse can tell these patients that these are common reactions to:
- A. a decreased estrogen level
- B. displacement of the diaphragm, resulting in thoracic breathing
- C. congestion and swelling, which occur because the upper respiratory tract has become more vascular
- D. increased blood volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased estrogen levels cause vascular congestion and swelling in the upper respiratory tract, affecting voice and hearing.
The musculoskeletal system adapts to the changes that occur during pregnancy. A woman can expect to experience what change?
- A. Her center of gravity will shift backward.
- B. She will have increased lordosis.
- C. She will have increased abdominal muscle tone.
- D. She will notice decreased mobility of her pelvic joints.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in the normal lumbosacral curve (lordosis) develops, and a compensatory curvature in the cervicodorsal region develops to help the woman maintain her balance.
A client at 20 weeks gestation has just been examined during a prenatal visit. Which assessment should the nurse recognize as an abnormal finding and the need for further testing?
- A. Fundal height of 26 cm
- B. Pulse rate 15 bpm higher than her prepregnancy pulse
- C. Blood pressure of 128/68
- D. Deep tendon reflexes +2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. At 20 weeks gestation, the fundal height should correspond closely to the number of weeks pregnant (around 20 cm). A fundal height of 26 cm indicates potential fetal growth abnormalities or incorrect dating. Further testing, such as an ultrasound, is needed to assess fetal growth and well-being.
Choice B (Pulse rate 15 bpm higher) is not typically concerning during pregnancy as pulse rate can increase due to physiological changes. Choice C (Blood pressure of 128/68) falls within the normal range for pregnancy. Choice D (Deep tendon reflexes +2) is a normal finding and not an indication for further testing.
An expectant couple asks the nurse about intercourse during pregnancy and whether it is safe for the baby. What information should the nurse provide?
- A. Intercourse is safe until the third trimester.
- B. Safer sex practices should be used once the membranes rupture
- C. Intercourse should be avoided if any spotting from the vagina occurs afterward
- D. Intercourse and orgasm are often contraindicated if a history of or signs of preterm
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: As per the provided choices, none of them accurately address the safety of intercourse during pregnancy. The correct information that the nurse should provide is that intercourse is generally safe during a normal, healthy pregnancy unless advised otherwise by a healthcare provider. It is important to communicate that unless there are specific medical conditions or complications, intercourse is typically safe throughout pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is that the nurse should inform the expectant couple that intercourse is safe during pregnancy unless advised otherwise.
A client is complaining of heartburn. The nurse understands this is caused by which change of pregnancy?
- A. An increase in water reabsorption by the colon
- B. The relaxation of the lower esophageal ('cardiac') sphincter
- C. A decrease in the capacity of the stomach
- D. An increase in stomach acid production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The relaxation of the lower esophageal ('cardiac') sphincter. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to heartburn. This is known as gastroesophageal reflux. The other choices are incorrect because heartburn in pregnancy is not caused by an increase in water reabsorption by the colon (A), a decrease in the capacity of the stomach (C), or an increase in stomach acid production (D). The key factor in pregnancy-related heartburn is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which allows acid reflux into the esophagus.