Nokea
The ovary connects by ligaments to:
- A. the uterus;
- B. the Fallopian tubes;
- C. the rectum;
- D. the pelvic walls;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the uterus. The ovary connects to the uterus via ligaments called ovarian ligaments. This connection is essential for the transfer of eggs from the ovary to the uterus during the menstrual cycle and for providing support to the ovary. The other choices are incorrect as the ovary does not directly connect to the Fallopian tubes (B), rectum (C), or pelvic walls (D) via ligaments. The connection to the uterus is crucial for reproductive functions and maintaining the structural integrity of the female reproductive system.
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When do the testes begin to descend?
- A. at birth
- B. two months after birth
- C. two months prior to birth
- D. in the fifth month of pregnancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: in the fifth month of pregnancy. The testes begin to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during the fifth month of pregnancy. This process is crucial for proper development and function of the testes. Descending at this stage allows for the testes to be positioned outside the body, which is essential for sperm production as it requires a slightly lower temperature than the internal body temperature.
Summary:
A: at birth - Incorrect, as the descent of the testes occurs during fetal development, not at birth.
B: two months after birth - Incorrect, as the descent happens during pregnancy, not after birth.
C: two months prior to birth - Incorrect, as the descent occurs during pregnancy, not prior to birth.
Which situation would be part of the normal reproductive cycle of a human?
- A. the presence of testosterone regulating gamete production in a male
- B. estrogen in concentrations that would produce sperm in a female
- C. a high progesterone level in a male
- D. a low insulin level in either a male or a female
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced by the testes in males, regulating sperm production.
Step 2: Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm in males), crucial for the reproductive cycle.
Step 3: Therefore, the presence of testosterone regulating gamete production in a male is a normal part of the reproductive cycle.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as estrogen, a female sex hormone, does not produce sperm.
- Option C is incorrect as progesterone is a hormone mainly involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, not in males.
- Option D is incorrect as insulin is a hormone related to glucose metabolism, not directly involved in the reproductive cycle.
The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely
- A. testosterone floating in the uterine cavity is called a
- B. interstitial cell-stimulating ________.
- C. blastocyst
- D. luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: blastocyst. At this stage of development, the embryo is a hollow ball of cells with an inner cell mass. This structure is called a blastocyst. A is incorrect because testosterone is a hormone, not a cell structure. B is incorrect as it does not describe the early stage of embryonic development. D is incorrect as luteinizing hormone is a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, not embryonic development.
Testosterone produces negative feedback to:
- A. the anterior pituitary to turn off follicle stimulating hormone secretion
- B. the anterior pituitary to turn off both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion
- C. Sertoli cells turn off inhibin secretion
- D. the anterior pituitary to turn off luteinizing hormone secretion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Testosterone inhibits the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) through negative feedback.
2. LH is produced by the anterior pituitary.
3. Therefore, testosterone exerts negative feedback on the anterior pituitary to turn off LH secretion.
4. This maintains hormonal balance in the body.
Summary of other choices:
A. Incorrect because testosterone primarily affects LH secretion, not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
B. Incorrect as it inaccurately suggests that testosterone turns off both LH and FSH secretion.
C. Incorrect because Sertoli cells are involved in spermatogenesis, not LH regulation.
The male gonads develop in the _______________ before descending down into the scrotum
- A. Pelvic cavity
- B. Peritoneal cavity
- C. Abdominal cavity
- D. Cul- d
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abdominal cavity. During embryonic development, the male gonads (testes) initially form in the abdominal cavity near the kidneys. They then descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. The pelvic cavity (choice A) is below the abdominal cavity, the peritoneal cavity (choice B) is a part of the abdominal cavity, and the cul-de-sac (choice D) is a pouch in the pelvic cavity. The key point is understanding the anatomical path of descent of the male gonads from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum.