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Factory: Care in planning and management is needed if a factory is to run well. Work areas should be large, clean, well lighted and airy. Work should move in a straight line from one machine to another. This allows materials in different stages of production to advance smoothly. As orders increase, some factories hire consultants to redeploy their operation flow and streamline workstations and equipment within the plant. Using a factory management system can double production as well as improve the rate of on-time deliveries. Careful planning and execution can also contribute to harmonious relations between labor and management.
The paragraph suggests that the purpose of a factory layout is for
- A. maintenance of machinery.
- B. safety and profit.
- C. meeting government regulations.
- D. compliance with insurance company requirements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: safety and profit. The paragraph mentions that a well-planned factory layout includes factors like large work areas, cleanliness, good lighting, and smooth material flow. These aspects contribute to both safety and profit in a factory setting. Safety is enhanced by having well-lit and clean work areas, while efficient material flow and streamlined operations lead to increased productivity and profitability.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. The paragraph does not focus on maintenance of machinery; rather, it emphasizes the overall planning and management of the factory layout.
C: Incorrect. Meeting government regulations is not explicitly mentioned in the paragraph.
D: Incorrect. Compliance with insurance company requirements is not discussed in the paragraph.
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People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived
from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United
States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80%
traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the
country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more
than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were
from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new
immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States.
In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924
virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of
immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in
groups of refugees.
In line 5, the word 'ancestry' is closest in meaning to
- A. origins
- B. inheritance
- C. color
- D. freedom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The word 'ancestry' refers to a person's family or ethnic background, which aligns most closely with the term 'origins'. Ancestry typically denotes the lineage or heritage of individuals, emphasizing where they come from or their roots. 'Inheritance' refers more to the passing down of property or traits, 'color' is unrelated to the context of ancestry, and 'freedom' does not capture the meaning of 'ancestry'. Therefore, 'origins' is the most appropriate term to convey the concept in this context.
The Summer Olympic Games. Once every four years the countries of the world send their best and brightest to participate in the Summer Olympic Games. The site for the event is decided years before, and most countries contend strongly for the privilege to host the Games. The 2008 games were held in Bejing, China.
There is a lot of pageantry and tradition attached to the event. The opening ceremony is elaborate and awe-inspiring. China put on a spectacularly beautiful fireworks display to welcome the world's athletes in 2008.
The track events, water events (swimming, diving) and precision activities such as archery and rhythmic gymnastics are wonderful to watch. Seeing these athletes perform their special skills is a treat for those of us who achieve a vicarious satisfaction from it. Everyone roots for the athletes from their own country and we thrill when our anther is played during the medal ceremony. Being an Olympian is an honor every athlete dreams of.
What is the meaning of the word 'roots' as used in the third paragraph?
- A. The part of a plant under the ground.
- B. To wish the success of.
- C. A musical tone upon which a piece of music is based.
- D. To dig in the earth with a snout.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of the third paragraph, the word 'roots' is used to describe how people support and cheer for the athletes from their own country. 'To wish the success of' is the correct interpretation, making choice B the correct answer. The other definitions of 'roots' refer to different meanings that do not fit the context of cheering for athletes.
"Phobias — 'Don’t be afraid.' Sounds simple, but for some people it's not. Having the normal
reaction of being scared or frightened helps you to survive threats of all kinds, both physical
and verbal. Most mild fears are outgrown during childhood; however, severe fears, called
phobias, are extreme and unreasonable. Phobias cause out-of-control feelings such as
sickness, headaches, ulcers, and high blood pressure. Specific phobias center around things,
activities, or situations while people with social phobias feel anxiety over social settings
where they fear embarrassing situations. Another type of phobia called panic disorder causes
people to sweat, tremble, or even faint due to overwhelming panic which may occur at any
time. By talking, breathing deeply, and visualizing, a person can gain control over
debilitating phobias
The passage says that having fears is normal and good. According to the passage, why is having a phobia not normal and good? Because phobias
- A. always require medication.
- B. cause harm to other people.
- C. are terminal, meaning they never go away.
- D. are extreme and unreasonable.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The passage differentiates between normal fears, which can be helpful for survival, and phobias, which are described as extreme and unreasonable. Phobias can lead to debilitating feelings and physical symptoms, indicating that they disrupt normal functioning and well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it highlights that phobias are extreme and unreasonable, making them not normal or good.
Health Care's Numbers Game: The game of health care is a risky one. Today emergency rooms are acting as primary care physicians for thousands of patients. This trend produces a vicious cycle of hospitals raising emergency room costs and passing that increase along to paying patients, who in turn pass it along to insurance companies, who in turn raise rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment.
For years, indigent people have used emergency rooms for very minor illnesses rather than seeing an outside doctor, but now emergency rooms are seeing people with insurance, but who cannot afford the co-payment or the deductible for the office visit.
If we don't change the way the healthcare game is played, we're all going to lose.
According to the passage, why are more and more people using emergency rooms for minor illnesses?
- A. Patients want to continue the cycle of healthcare already established.
- B. The insurance companies require hospital visits for all illnesses.
- C. The doctors in emergency rooms are more skilled.
- D. They cannot afford the co-payment or deductible required by insurance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: They cannot afford the co-payment or deductible required by insurance. The passage explains that more people are using emergency rooms for minor illnesses because they cannot afford the co-payment or deductible for an office visit. This is supported by the statement that "emergency rooms are seeing people with insurance, but who cannot afford the co-payment or the deductible for the office visit." This directly links the financial barrier of affording the co-payment or deductible to the increased use of emergency rooms.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they are not supported by the passage. Choice A suggests that patients want to continue the cycle of healthcare, which is not mentioned in the passage. Choice B states that insurance companies require hospital visits for all illnesses, which is not mentioned either. Choice C claims that doctors in emergency rooms are more skilled, which is also not supported by the passage.
The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.
Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could conclude that ______ is a factor in the evaporation process.
- A. Humidity
- B. Heat
- C. Electrons
- D. Runoff
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heat. The process of evaporation involves the conversion of liquid water into water vapor, which requires heat energy to break the bonds between water molecules. When water vapor cools, it condenses back into liquid form. Therefore, the presence of heat is a crucial factor in the evaporation process, as it provides the energy needed for water molecules to escape into the air as vapor.