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The parents of a 2-year-old child tell the nurse they are concerned because the toddler has started to use baby talk since the arrival of their new baby. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Ignore the baby talk.
- B. Tell the toddler frequently, You are a big kid now.
- C. Explain to the toddler that baby talk is for babies.
- D. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler. Often toddlers attempt to cope with a stressful situation by reverting to patterns of behavior that were successful in earlier stages of development. It should be ignored while the parents praise the child for developmentally appropriate behaviors. Regression is childrens way of expressing stress. The parents should not introduce new expectations and allow the child to master the developmental tasks without criticism.
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Parents of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says no to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. What is the nurses best interpretation of this behavior?
- A. This is normal behavior for his age.
- B. This is unusual behavior for his age.
- C. He is not effectively coping with stress.
- D. He is showing he needs more attention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy. They express their will with continued negativity and use of the word no. Children at this age also have rapid mood swings. The nurse should reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior for an 18-month-old.
What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period?
- A. Injuries
- B. Infectious diseases
- C. Childhood diseases
- D. Congenital disorders
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Injuries are the most common cause of death in children ages 1 through 4 years. It is the highest rate of death from injuries of any childhood age group except adolescence. Congenital disorders are the second leading cause of death in this age group. Infectious and childhood diseases are less common causes of death in this age group.
Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?
- A. Skips
- B. Broad jumps
- C. Rides tricycle
- D. Walks up and down stairs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 24-month-old child can go up and down stairs alone with two feet on each step. Skipping and broad jumping are skills acquired at age 3 years. Tricycle riding is achieved at age 4 years.
A 17-month-old child should be expected to be in which stage, according to Piaget?
- A. Preoperations
- B. Concrete operations
- C. Tertiary circular reactions
- D. Secondary circular reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 17-month-old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase, tertiary circular reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals. Preoperations is the stage of cognitive development usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Concrete operations is the cognitive stage associated with school-age children. The secondary circular reaction stage lasts from about ages 4 to 8 months.
A toddler, age 16 months, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and scolds the stairs as if they caused him to fall. What is this an example of?
- A. Animism
- B. Ritualism
- C. Irreversibility
- D. Delayed cognitive development
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Animism is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. By scolding the stairs, the toddler is attributing human characteristics to them. Ritualism is the need to maintain sameness and reliability. It provides a sense of comfort to toddlers. Irreversibility is the inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically. The toddler is acting in an age-appropriate manner.