Pediatric HESI

Pediatric HESI Related

Review Pediatric HESI related questions and content

The parents of a 3-year-old boy who has Duchenne muscular dystrophy ask, 'How can our son have this disease? We are wondering if we should have any more children.' What information should the nurse provide to parents?

  • A. This is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family
  • B. The striated muscle groups of males can be impacted by a lack of the protein dystrophin in their mothers
  • C. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated so muscle damage was incurred
  • D. Birth trauma with a breech vaginal birth causes damage to the spinal cord, thus weakening the muscles
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder that primarily affects males. It is crucial for the nurse to explain to the parents that this condition follows an inheritance pattern where the gene mutation responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Males have only one X chromosome, so if they inherit the mutated gene, they will develop the disease. Females, on the other hand, have two X chromosomes, providing a backup copy that can compensate for the mutation. Understanding this inheritance pattern is essential for family planning decisions, as the risk of passing on the disorder to future children can be explained based on this genetic inheritance.

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Following a motor vehicle collision, a 3-year old girl has a spica cast applied. Which toy is best for the nurse for this 3 year old child?

  • A. Duck that squeaks.
  • B. Fashion doll and clothes.
  • C. Set of cloth and hand puppets.
  • D. Hand held video game.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A 6-month-old female is scheduled to receive diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) immunizations. She is recovering from a cold but is otherwise healthy and afebrile. Her 5-year-old sister is receiving chemotherapy. Which considerations should the nurse make for this situation?

  • A. DTaP and IPV can be safely given to the infant at the scheduled time.
  • B. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because the infant has a cold.
  • C. IPV is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.
  • D. DTaP is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: DTaP and IPV can be safely administered to a child with a mild illness like a cold, even if there is an immunocompromised family member, as these vaccines do not contain live viruses. It is important to ensure that the child is otherwise healthy and afebrile before administering the vaccines. The presence of a cold is not a contraindication for receiving DTaP and IPV vaccines.

Which nursing intervention is most important to include in the plan of care for a child with acute glomerulonephritis?

  • A. Encourage fluid intake.
  • B. Promote complete bed rest.
  • C. Weigh the child daily.
  • D. Administer vitamin supplements.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Weighing the child daily is crucial in managing a child with acute glomerulonephritis as it helps in monitoring fluid retention, which is a key concern in this condition. Daily weight monitoring allows healthcare providers to assess changes in fluid status and adjust treatment accordingly. It is an essential component of the care plan to ensure the child's health status is closely monitored during the management of acute glomerulonephritis.

When caring for a 5-year-old child with a history of seizures who suddenly begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure, what should the nurse do first?

  • A. Administer oxygen
  • B. Insert an oral airway
  • C. Turn the child to the side
  • D. Start an IV line
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority action is to turn the child to the side. This helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration of secretions or vomitus. It also helps in keeping the airway clear and promotes safety during the seizure episode. Administering oxygen, inserting an oral airway, and starting an IV line are important interventions but should follow the initial step of positioning the child to prevent airway obstruction.

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant who has just received routine immunizations. The mother reports that the baby has been fussy and has a low-grade fever since the immunizations. What is the best response by the nurse?

  • A. These are common side effects and should resolve within a few days
  • B. Your baby may be having an allergic reaction to the immunizations
  • C. You should bring your baby to the clinic immediately for evaluation
  • D. You should give your baby aspirin to help with the fever
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Fussiness and low-grade fever are common side effects of immunizations in infants and usually resolve on their own. It is important for the nurse to educate the mother about these expected reactions to help ease her concerns. Immediate evaluation or giving aspirin to an infant for fever is not necessary or safe, as aspirin can be harmful to infants.

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