Nokea
"Phobias — 'Don’t be afraid.' Sounds simple, but for some people it's not. Having the normal
reaction of being scared or frightened helps you to survive threats of all kinds, both physical
and verbal. Most mild fears are outgrown during childhood; however, severe fears, called
phobias, are extreme and unreasonable. Phobias cause out-of-control feelings such as
sickness, headaches, ulcers, and high blood pressure. Specific phobias center around things,
activities, or situations while people with social phobias feel anxiety over social settings
where they fear embarrassing situations. Another type of phobia called panic disorder causes
people to sweat, tremble, or even faint due to overwhelming panic which may occur at any
time. By talking, breathing deeply, and visualizing, a person can gain control over
debilitating phobias
The passage says that having fears is normal and good. According to the passage, why is having a phobia not normal and good? Because phobias
- A. always require medication.
- B. cause harm to other people.
- C. are terminal, meaning they never go away.
- D. are extreme and unreasonable.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The passage differentiates between normal fears, which can be helpful for survival, and phobias, which are described as extreme and unreasonable. Phobias can lead to debilitating feelings and physical symptoms, indicating that they disrupt normal functioning and well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it highlights that phobias are extreme and unreasonable, making them not normal or good.
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The Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral
College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is based on the
population of the state established by the Census taken each decade.
During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who
wins the popular vote in that state. ItĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢s all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. By having and using the Electoral College candidatesĆ¢Ä‚¬Ä„¢ campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country,
but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, he became our 43rd president.
Which statement from the passage is a fact?
- A. Each state casts their electoral votes during the Presidential election
- B. The government randomly assigns electoral votes to states
- C. Candidates only campaign in states where they think they can win
- D. The Electoral College is a college in Washington D.C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The passage mentions that during the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state. This is a fact based on how the Electoral College operates. B is incorrect as the electoral votes are not randomly assigned but are based on the number of representatives each state has in Congress. C is not supported by the passage as it does not state candidates only campaign in states where they think they can win. D is incorrect as the passage explicitly states that the Electoral College has nothing to do with a college in Washington D.C.
All That Jazz: Jazz is an American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African-American communities in the Southern United States. It derived from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has also incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. The word jazz began as a West Coast slang term of uncertain derivation and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915.
Improvisation is one of the key elements of jazz and a fundamental part of the nature of the music. In jazz, the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice. Depending upon the performer's mood and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician/performer may alter melodies, harmonies, or time signatures at will.
What is the derivation of the word 'jazz'?
- A. West Coast slang.
- B. Coined by Chicago musicians.
- C. European definition of improvisation.
- D. From Ibo language brought to US by slaves.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: West Coast slang. The passage states that the word "jazz" began as a West Coast slang term, indicating that its origin can be traced back to the West Coast. This is supported by historical evidence that the term was first used in Chicago around 1915. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Coined by Chicago musicians - While jazz was first referred to as music in Chicago, the term itself originated as West Coast slang, not coined by Chicago musicians.
C: European definition of improvisation - The passage does not mention any direct link between the word "jazz" and a European definition of improvisation.
D: From Ibo language brought to US by slaves - There is no evidence or mention in the passage that the word "jazz" is derived from the Ibo language brought to the US by slaves.
Let's Go to the Circus
Everyone loves a circus! The bright lights, fanciful costumes, and fierce wild animals delight and entertain folks of all ages. The circus calls to the child in each one of us. Ernest Hemingway wrote that it "is the only ageless delight that you can buy for money..."
"Circus" is a magic word inspiring all sorts of exciting, colorful images. It's a theater of mind-boggling feats, elephants thundering around the rings, horses dancing, clowns cavorting and the sequins glittering under the lights.
There are historical references to animal displays and athletic competitions from the earliest days of civilization. The Romans were famous for their extravaganzas in the Coliseum. The shows we see today cannot compare to those great spectacles, but all who go to a circus enjoy the experience. It allows us all to be a child again and watch in awe as the athletes perform on the high wire or control the savage beasts in the center ring.
What sentiment does the author convey about the circus?
- A. Encourages avoiding the experience.
- B. Suggests attending a circus.
- C. States that only children can enjoy the experience.
- D. Believes the experience is too intense for children.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The author expresses a positive sentiment toward the circus, emphasizing its enchanting qualities and ability to captivate individuals of all ages. The text conveys a sense of admiration for the circus experience, as seen in phrases like 'Everyone loves a circus!' and 'It allows us all to be a child again.' These lines indicate the author's fondness for the circus and encourage others to partake in its enjoyable offerings.
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter. A DNA molecule is 2 nanometers in diameter. Protein
molecules are about 10 nanometers in diameter. A human hair is 100,000 nanometers in diameter.
But what is a nanometer and how does it relate to technology? Nanotechnology is defined as the
understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, a scale at
which unique properties of materials emerge that can be used to develop novel technologies and
products. At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ
from the properties of matter either at smaller scales, such as atoms, or at larger scales that we
use in everyday life such as millimeters or inches. Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring,
modeling, and manipulating matter only a few nanometers in size. Gold nanoparticles are made
of the same material as in jewelry. But when light interacts with particles of gold, different colors
are reflected. The different colors can be used in simple medical tests to indicate infection or
disease. Metals such as copper become extremely rigid at the nanoscale, rather than bendable as
in copper wires seen in everyday use.
What is the major difference between matter at the nanoscale and matter at larger scales such as millimeters or inches?
- A. At the nanoscale, metals are bendable, and at larger scales, they are rigid.
- B. Matter has different and special characteristics at the nanoscale.
- C. At the nanoscale, matter has the same properties as matter at the atomic level.
- D. There is no difference.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Matter at the nanoscale exhibits unique properties that differ from those at larger scales, such as millimeters or inches. At the nanoscale, materials show novel characteristics that emerge due to their size, leading to different behaviors compared to the same materials at larger scales. This difference in behavior is a key aspect of nanotechnology, where understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale allow for the development of innovative technologies and products.
Glass: I wonder who first discovered glass. This commodity has been a part of civilization from the very beginning. Imagine a world without glass! How dark and dismal it would be. No windows, corrective lenses, telescopes, microscopes, cameras, sparkly drinking containers or mirrors. Life would not be the same without this wonderful discovery. Thank you, whoever found glass!
Glass is not an element, but a combination of several elements. It is a hard, brittle, transparent solid material composed mainly of silica, with additives to change the character of the glass. Common additives are soda, lime, lead, and boron. Each additive changes the properties of the final product. Soda and lime are the most common additives, accounting for about 90% of glass production. Adding lead increases reflectivity, causing the glass to 'sparkle.' The addition of boron changes the thermal and electrical properties of glass, allowing cookware that can be used in the oven without shattering.
What statement is implied by the article?
- A. Glass is an essential part of our lives.
- B. The use of glass preceded civilization.
- C. Glass is used in all aspects of our daily lives.
- D. Glass is a modern invention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Glass is described as a commodity that has been a part of civilization from the very beginning, implying its essential role in our lives.
Step 2: The article highlights various crucial uses of glass in our daily lives, such as windows, corrective lenses, telescopes, etc.
Step 3: The author expresses gratitude for the discovery of glass, indicating its significance and essential nature.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct statement implied by the article is that "Glass is an essential part of our lives."
Summary:
- Choice A is correct because the article emphasizes the essential role of glass in civilization and daily life.
- Choices B and D are incorrect as the article does not mention that glass use preceded civilization or that glass is a modern invention.
- Choice C is incorrect as the article does not state that glass is used in all aspects of daily life, only highlighting specific important uses.