ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Related

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The pathophysiology of venous thrombosis is often explained by Virchow's triad, which includes hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, and venous stasis. Based on Virchow's triad and your knowledge of risk factors for thrombosis, which of the following pediatric patients has the greatest risk of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism?

  • A. 3-day-old full-term infant admitted to hospital pediatrics for hyperbilirubinemia
  • B. 6-month-old male admitted to the infectious disease unit for respiratory syncytial virus
  • C. Ex-28 week premature infant, requiring NICU-level care for necrotizing enterocolitis
  • D. 7-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving maintenance chemotherapy admitted to hematology/oncology unit for fever and neutropenia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the ex-28 week premature infant requiring NICU-level care for necrotizing enterocolitis has the greatest risk of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism. Premature infants are at higher risk due to their immature coagulation system and prolonged immobility. Necrotizing enterocolitis further increases the risk due to inflammation and endothelial injury. Hypercoagulability is common in premature infants. Choices A, B, and D have lower risk as they do not have the same combination of risk factors as the premature infant in choice C.