Nokea
The patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a buccal form of nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the patient to place the tablet?
- A. Under the tongue
- B. On top of the tongue
- C. At the back of the throat
- D. In the space between the cheek and the gum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Drugs administered via the buccal route are placed in the space between the cheek and the gum. Drugs administered via the sublingual route are placed under the tongue. The other options are incorrect.
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A drug dose that delivers 10 mg has a half-life of 5 hours. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life.
Correct Answer: 5 mg
Rationale: A drug's half-life is the time required for one half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%. Therefore, one half of 10 mg equals 5 mg.
When administering a new medication to a patient, the nurse reads that it is highly protein bound. Assuming that the patient's albumin levels are normal, the nurse would expect which result, as compared to a medication, that is not highly protein bound?
- A. Renal excretion will be faster.
- B. The drug will be metabolized quickly.
- C. The duration of action of the medication will be shorter.
- D. The duration of action of the medication will be longer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Drugs that are bound to plasma proteins are characterized by longer duration of action. Protein binding does not make renal excretion faster, does not speed up drug metabolism, and does not cause the duration of action to be shorter.
The nurse will be injecting a drug into the superficial skin layers immediately underneath the epidermal layer of skin. Which route does this describe?
- A. Intradermal
- B. Subcutaneous
- C. Intramuscular
- D. Transdermal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Injections under the more superficial skin layers immediately underneath the epidermal layer of skin and into the dermal layer are known as intradermal injections. Injections into the fatty subcutaneous tissue under the dermal layer of skin are referred to as subcutaneous injections. Injections into the muscle beneath the subcutaneous fatty tissue are referred to as intramuscular injections. Transdermal drugs are applied to the skin via an adhesive patch.
When administering drugs, the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined as which of these?
- A. The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response
- B. The amount of time needed to remove a drug from circulation
- C. The time it takes for a drug to achieve its maximum therapeutic response
- D. The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duration of action is the time during which drug's concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. The other options do not define duration of action. A drug's onset of action is the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response. A drug's peak effect is the time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response. Elimination is the length of time it takes to remove a drug from circulation.
A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to keep him comfortable as he nears the end of his life. Which term best describes this type of therapy?
- A. Pallative therapy
- B. Maintenance therapy
- C. Empirric therapy
- D. Supplmental therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal of palliative therapy is to make the patient as comfortable as possible. It is typically used in the end stages of illnesses when all attempts at curative therapy have failed. Maintenance therapy is used for the treatment of chronic illnesses such as hypertension. Empirric therapy is based on clinical probabilities and involves drug administration when a certain pathologic condition has an uncertain but high likelihood of occurrence based on the patient's initial presenting symptoms. Supplemental therapy (or replacement therapy) supplies the body with a substance needed to maintain normal function.