Nokea
The patient's diagnostic tests revealed he was positive for bacterial pneumonia. The MOST likely causative organism of this type of pneumonia is ______.
- A. legionella pneumoniae
- B. streptococcus pneumoniae
- C. mycoplasma pneumoniae
- D. hemophilus pneumoniae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative organism of bacterial pneumonia in adults. It is responsible for the majority of community-acquired pneumonia cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacteria and is known to cause typical pneumonia characterized by sudden onset of high fever, productive cough with blood-tinged or rust-colored sputum, chest pain, and consolidation on chest imaging. Other organisms like Legionella pneumophila (choice A), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (choice C), and Haemophilus influenzae (choice D) can also cause pneumonia, but Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most likely culprit based on the patient's test results.
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A nurse is preparing to perform a central venous catheter (CVC) dressing change for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to minimize the risk of infection?
- A. Wearing sterile gloves and a mask during the dressing change
- B. Cleaning the insertion site with alcohol-based antiseptic solution
- C. Removing the old dressing and applying a new dressing using sterile technique
- D. Changing the CVC tubing along with the dressing to prevent contamination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize removing the old dressing and applying a new dressing using sterile technique to minimize the risk of infection during a central venous catheter (CVC) dressing change. This is because the most critical step in preventing infection is maintaining a clean and sterile environment around the CVC insertion site. By using sterile technique, the nurse can reduce the introduction of microorganisms that could potentially lead to infection. Wearing sterile gloves and cleaning the insertion site with an alcohol-based antiseptic solution are important steps as well, but the key priority lies in applying the new dressing using sterile technique to prevent contamination and reduce the risk of infection.
Which of the following is an example of self directed learning activity?
- A. Research at work
- B. Attends webinars
- C. Attendance to graduate school
- D. Resource person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Research at work is an example of self-directed learning activity because it involves taking the initiative to seek out information, learn new skills, and solve problems independently within a workplace setting. This type of learning requires self-motivation, self-discipline, and autonomy to set goals, gather resources, and develop knowledge or expertise in a specific area. Individuals engage in research at work to enhance their professional growth, expand their skill set, or address challenges encountered in their job responsibilities. It is a proactive approach to learning where individuals take charge of their own development and continuously strive to improve their performance.
When communicating with a patient from a different cultural background, what should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Ignoring cultural differences to avoid making the patient uncomfortable.
- B. Using medical jargon to ensure clarity and precision.
- C. Recognizing and respecting the patient's cultural beliefs and practices.
- D. Minimizing the time spent communicating with the patient.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When communicating with a patient from a different cultural background, the nurse should prioritize recognizing and respecting the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. This is essential in providing culturally competent care, fostering trust and rapport with the patient, and ultimately improving health outcomes. By acknowledging and understanding the cultural context of the patient, the nurse can adapt communication strategies, address the patient's needs effectively, and avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Building a culturally sensitive approach can enhance the quality of care and strengthen the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient.
Which of the following research designs is MOST APPROPRIATE for this study if the aim is to find a relationship between two variables in the study?
- A. Phenomenological study
- B. Exploratory
- C. Experimental
- D. Correlational
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A correlational research design is most appropriate when the aim is to find a relationship between two variables. Correlational studies examine how variables are related to each other without manipulating them. This design allows researchers to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables, providing valuable insights into the potential associations between different factors. Phenomenological studies focus on understanding individuals' experiences, exploratory studies investigate a topic without predefined hypotheses, and experimental studies involve manipulating variables to observe their effects. Therefore, in the context of aiming to find a relationship between two variables, a correlational research design is the most suitable choice.
A document that lists the medical treatment a person chooses to refuse if unable to make decisions is the:
- A. Durable power of attorney
- B. Living will
- C. Informed consent
- D. Advance directives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A living will is a legal document that allows an individual to express their wishes regarding medical treatment in the event they become unable to make decisions. It specifically outlines the medical treatments a person chooses to refuse or accept under certain circumstances. It is important to differentiate a living will from a durable power of attorney, which designates someone to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the individual when they are unable to do so, and advance directives, which encompass both a living will and a durable power of attorney for healthcare. The living will serves as a guide for healthcare professionals and family members to honor the individual's preferences for medical care.