Nokea
The pH of urine:
- A. Is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of blood
- B. Rises on a vegetarian diet
- C. Is determined by the concentration of ammonium
- D. Is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine pH reflects blood acid/base balance. A vegetarian diet typically raises urine pH, and renal tubular acidosis causes a higher pH, not lower.
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In urgent situations of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) when symptoms of severe heart failure have already occurred, the initial management is
- A. adenosine by rapid intravenous push
- B. DC cardioversion
- C. verapamil
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DC cardioversion is the preferred initial management in hemodynamically unstable SVT.
Complement C3 levels are decreased in:
- A. Systemic lupus erythematoses
- B. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
- C. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- D. Type II membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased C3 levels are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus due to immune complex deposition and complement consumption.
A client who is newly diagnosed with emphysema is being prepared for discharge. Which instruction is best for the nurse to provide the client to assist them with dyspnea self-management?
- A. Allow additional time to complete physical activities to reduce oxygen demand
- B. Practice inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips
- C. Use a humidifier to increase home air quality humidity between 30-50%
- D. Strengthen abdominal muscles by alternating leg raises during exhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygenation and reduce dyspnea in clients with emphysema.
Gracie, the mother of a 3-month-old infant calls the clinic and states that her child has a diaper rash. What should the nurse advise?
- A. “Switch to cloth diapers until the rash is goneâ€
- B. “Use baby wipes with each diaper change.â€
- C. “Leave the diaper off while the infant sleeps.â€
- D. “Offer extra fluids to the infant until the rash improves.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leaving the diaper off allows the skin to air dry and heal, reducing irritation and promoting recovery.
Pulmonary stenosis
- A. Most common at pulmonary valve level
- B. Valve dilatation done for dysplastic valves
- C. Ejection click occurs in past stenotic dilatation
- D. Surgery done when Rt ventricular pressure exceeds 25 mmHg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary stenosis is most commonly found at the pulmonary valve level.