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The physician orders cromolyn sodium (nasal crom) for the client. The nurse instructs the client that the most effective administration schedule is ________.
- A. When manifestations peak only, with two or three doses per day
- B. At the start of the allergy season, with a dose of once-a-day
- C. One week before the allergy season begins, with four to six doses per day
- D. Just after manifestations begin, with a dose of twice-a-day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cromolyn sodium (nasal crom) is a mast cell stabilizer that is commonly used to prevent symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, itching, and congestion. It works best when used before exposure to allergens. The most effective administration schedule for nasal crom is to start using it just after allergy symptoms begin, with a dose of twice-a-day. This helps to prevent the release of histamine and other inflammatory substances from mast cells, thereby reducing allergic symptoms. Using nasal crom in this way can help provide relief and improve the overall management of allergic rhinitis.
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Transcription of doctor's order is a nurse's responsibility to put the order into action. Which of the following principles of medication safety is NOT considered to belong to transcription error?
- A. Illegible handwriting of the physician.
- B. Misinterpretation of the directions ordered.
- C. Use of unapproved abbreviation in the chart.
- D. Wrong route of medication administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Transcription errors are typically associated with issues such as illegible handwriting, misinterpretation of directions, and the use of unapproved abbreviations. However, the wrong route of medication administration is not specifically related to transcription errors but rather falls under the category of medication administration errors. Administering medication via the wrong route can lead to serious consequences for the patient and is a separate issue from the act of transcribing doctor's orders.
The physician ordered sonography. The nurse informs the ultrasound unit in charge and prepares the patient for the procedure. The patient asks the importance of the procedure, the nurse CORRECT response is________.
- A. to determine diameters of the fetal skull
- B. increase sensitivity for common bile duct of the fetus
- C. useful to a visualized cystic duct of the fetus
- D. to assess fetus' well-being
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sonography, also known as ultrasound, is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures inside the body. In the context of a patient who is pregnant, sonography is commonly used to assess the well-being of the fetus. It allows healthcare providers to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, evaluate the placenta, amniotic fluid levels, and detect any abnormalities that may be present.
During the active phase of labor, the nurse observes that the cervix is dilated to 6 cm and the contractions are regular, lasting 60 seconds each, occurring every 3 minutes. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage the mother to push.
- B. Administer oxytocin to augment labor.
- C. Prepare for delivery.
- D. Continue to monitor the progress of labor.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the active phase of labor, a cervical dilation of 6 cm and regular contractions lasting 60 seconds each, occurring every 3 minutes indicate good progress in labor. The nurse should continue to monitor the progress closely by assessing the mother's vital signs, fetal heart rate, and the pattern of contractions. It is important to provide support and encouragement to the mother, continue with comfort measures, and be prepared to assist with the delivery when the cervix is fully dilated. This stage of labor is focused on active dilation and effacement of the cervix, and it is not yet time for the mother to push or for the nurse to administer oxytocin to augment labor.
Because Mr. Steve cannot pay for his medical bills, he is referred to the social worker. which of the following rights is applicable in this case the right to_______.
- A. Considerate and respectful care and respectful care irrespective of his socio-economics status.
- B. Expect reasonable continuity of care
- C. Examine and receive an explanation of his medical bills regardless of the source of payment
- D. Know what hospital rules and regulation apply to his conduct as a client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right to considerate and respectful care irrespective of socio-economic status is applicable in this case because Mr. Steve is facing financial difficulties in paying for his medical bills. This right ensures that all patients receive proper treatment and care regardless of their ability to pay. It emphasizes that every individual deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their financial situation. In Mr. Steve's case, being referred to a social worker due to inability to pay should not impact the quality of care and respect he receives from healthcare providers.
In terms of social support therapy, which of these is the MOST APRROPRIATE and therapeutic?
- A. With appropriate support, lives in the community, either independently or in supervised setting .
- B. Individualized relationship with a caregiver.
- C. High structured environment with constant aid and supervision.
- D. Vocational training with moderate supervision but not beyond second grade academic challenges.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In terms of social support therapy for a patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the most appropriate and therapeutic option would be for the patient to live in the community with appropriate support, either independently or in a supervised setting. This approach allows the individual to maintain a sense of autonomy and independence while still having access to necessary support and care as needed. Living in the community promotes social interaction, engagement, and a sense of normalcy, which can contribute positively to the patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life. This approach also aligns with the principles of person-centered care, focusing on the individual's preferences, needs, and autonomy.