Nokea
The physician orders propranolol (Inderal) for a client's angina. The effect of this drug is to:
- A. Act as a vasoconstrictor
- B. Block beta stimulation in the heart
- C. Act as a vasodilator
- D. Increase the heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Propranolol (Inderal) is a beta-blocker medication that works by blocking beta stimulation in the heart. By doing so, it reduces the workload on the heart and helps to decrease the heart rate and blood pressure. This is beneficial in the management of angina because it decreases the oxygen demand of the heart muscle, thereby relieving chest pain. Propranolol does not act as a vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, or increase the heart rate.
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Which of the following symptoms most likely indicates that an infusion is infiltrated?
- A. Redness at the site
- B. Pain at the site
- C. Puffiness at the site
- D. Exudate at the site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Puffiness at the site is the symptom that most likely indicates that an infusion is infiltrated. Infiltration occurs when the IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues instead of entering the vein. This can lead to swelling and puffiness at the site as the fluid accumulates in the tissue. Redness, pain, and exudate at the site are also common signs of infiltration, but puffiness specifically points towards the fluid accumulating outside the vein. If infiltration is suspected, it is important to stop the infusion, remove the IV catheter, and apply appropriate treatment based on the severity of the infiltration.
Coarctation of the aorta causes all of the following signs except:
- A. higher B/P in the upper extremities
- B. right ventricular hypertrophy
- C. legs cooler than arms
- D. nosebleeds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the body. The signs of coarctation of the aorta include higher blood pressure in the upper extremities (Choice A) due to the narrowing of the aorta causing increased pressure proximal to the constriction. Right ventricular hypertrophy (Choice B) occurs as the heart works harder to overcome the obstruction in the aorta. Legs being cooler than arms (Choice C) is a result of decreased blood flow to the lower body due to the aortic narrowing. Hemodilution (Choice E) can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased blood pressure in the upper body. Nosebleeds (Choice D) are not typically associated with coarctation of the aorta but may occur due to other factors unrelated to this condition.
Which of the ff symptoms should a nurse assess in a client when implementing interventions for trauma to the upper airway?
- A. Pain when talking
- B. Increased nasal swelling
- C. Burning in the throat
- D. Presence of laryngospasm INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY AIRWAY
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When implementing interventions for trauma to the upper airway, it is crucial for the nurse to assess for the presence of laryngospasm. Laryngospasm is a sudden spasm of the vocal cords that may cause difficulty breathing and in severe cases, complete airway obstruction. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following upper airway trauma. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment of laryngospasm are essential to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation for the client. Pain when talking, increased nasal swelling, and burning in the throat may also be symptoms encountered in upper airway trauma, but the presence of laryngospasm signifies a more critical condition requiring immediate intervention.
For a patient receiving furosemide, the nurse evaluates the medication as being effective if which of the following effects occurs?
- A. Urine output increased
- B. Heart rate increased
- C. Serum potassium decreased
- D. Pulse pressure increased
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to help the body get rid of excess salt and water through increased urine output. By inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, furosemide promotes the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and other electrolytes. Therefore, the nurse would evaluate the medication as effective if the patient experiences increased urine output, as it indicates that the furosemide is working to eliminate excess fluids from the body.
Regarding speech production, the routine use of sentence sequences; conversational give and-take is usually achieved by age of
- A. 3 yr
- B. 4 yr
- C. 5 yr
- D. 6 yr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children typically develop the ability to use sentence sequences and engage in conversational give-and-take by age 5.