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The practice of nurses, nursing students, and faculty is affected by demographic changes due to:
- A. the growing percentage of adults ages 50 to 55 years.
- B. increasing numbers of obese children and adults.
- C. changes by which families are becoming more nuclear.
- D. social programs that are essentially eliminating poverty.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increasing numbers of obese children and adults. This demographic change directly impacts the practice of nurses by requiring specialized care and interventions for obesity-related health issues. Nurses need to be equipped to address the unique needs of obese patients.
A is incorrect because the growing percentage of adults ages 50 to 55 years does not necessarily impact nursing practice significantly. C is incorrect as changes in family structure do not directly affect nursing care. D is incorrect because social programs alone cannot eliminate poverty entirely and poverty remains a significant factor affecting healthcare access and outcomes.
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A daughter tells the nurse that, "Mom will be as good as new when we get this advanced cancer cured." How can the nurse best help the daughter in the role of caregiver?
- A. Working toward setting realistic goals for both her mother and herself
- B. Finding the daughter in home help to assist with her mother's care
- C. Discuss with the patient the role her daughter will play in her care
- D. Encourage the daughter to regularly share her feelings with her mother
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because setting realistic goals is crucial for managing expectations and promoting effective caregiving. By helping the daughter understand the reality of the situation and setting achievable goals, the nurse can support both the mother's care and the daughter's emotional well-being. Option B does not address the daughter's emotional needs or the importance of realistic expectations. Option C focuses on the patient's perspective rather than the daughter's role as a caregiver. Option D, while beneficial for emotional expression, does not directly address the need for realistic goal-setting in caregiving.
A nurse responsible for staffing a medical-surgical unit must consider: (select all that apply)
- A. the patient census.
- B. physical layout of the unit.
- C. complexity of care required.
- D. educational level of all staff.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the patient census. This is crucial for determining the appropriate number of staff needed to provide safe and effective care based on the current number of patients. The patient census directly impacts workload and patient acuity levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although they may be important factors to consider when staffing a medical-surgical unit, they are not as directly related to determining the immediate staffing needs based on the current patient load. The physical layout of the unit, complexity of care required, and educational level of staff are important for overall unit operations and quality of care but do not have the same immediate impact on staffing decisions as the patient census.
A person interested in employment in the health care sector has less than 1 year to pursue his or her education and wants to focus on functional aspects of patient care. He/she desires to work in a long-term facility. Which type of nursing program should this person request information about?
- A. Bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN)
- B. Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
- C. Associate degree in nursing
- D. Master's degree in nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. An associate degree in nursing (ADN) is a 2-year program, making it suitable for someone with less than 1 year to pursue education.
2. ADN programs focus on the functional aspects of patient care, aligning with the person's interest.
3. Working in a long-term care facility typically does not require a BSN or MSN.
4. LPN programs are shorter but have a different scope of practice than what the person desires.
A physician complains to administration that the nurse working last evening is unethical, based on observing the nurse educate the patient about a new medication ordered. The physician demanded the nurse be reprimanded and reminded that only physicians have the educational background to teach patients about new medications. Which comment and action by the administrator would be most effective in changing nurse-physician relationships in this instance?
- A. Inform the nurse, "You will be suspended for 3 days for going beyond your job description," and enforce the 3-day suspension because the physician did not write the order to "teach the patient about the new medication"
- B. Advise the physician that only nurses can teach patients about medications; the physician's role is to only prescribe. No action will be taken against the nurse.
- C. After investigating the situation, thank the physician while also providing information that patient education related to medication is within the scope of practice of registered nurses. Share the physician's concern and administrator's response with the nurse so both parties are aware of the resolution of the concerns.
- D. Contact the patient's family and ask, "Do you prefer that all teaching related to medications be performed by the physician rather than the nurse" to determine what action to take.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The administrator acknowledges the physician's concern to maintain a professional relationship.
Step 2: The administrator educates the physician that patient education on medications falls within the nurse's scope of practice.
Step 3: The administrator addresses the nurse and physician to ensure both are informed of the resolution.
Step 4: This approach promotes mutual understanding and respect between nurse and physician.
Summary: Option C is the correct answer as it acknowledges the physician's concern, educates on scope of practice, and fosters communication between both parties. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they either punish the nurse unjustly, fail to educate the physician, or involve unrelated parties in the decision-making process.
As a patient's condition moves toward their impending death, which nursing intervention demonstrates how the focus of palliative care change?
- A. The patient is encouraged to discuss their spiritual needs.
- B. The patient is educated concerning the physical changes associated with the dying process.
- C. The patient's advance care plan is formulated and implemented.
- D. The patient's comfort needs are identified.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a patient approaches death, the focus of palliative care shifts towards providing comfort and symptom management to improve their quality of life. Identifying and addressing the patient's comfort needs becomes crucial in ensuring a peaceful and dignified end-of-life experience.
A: While discussing spiritual needs can be important, the primary focus shifts towards physical comfort in the final stages of life.
B: Educating the patient about physical changes is important, but it may not be the priority as the focus shifts towards comfort care.
C: Advance care planning is essential but may have already been addressed before the patient reaches the impending death stage.