Nokea
The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to:
- A. Mary Breckenridge.
- B. Mary Seacole.
- C. Clara Barton.
- D. Lillian Wald.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lillian Wald. Lillian Wald is credited with founding the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, which pioneered the practice of public health nursing in the United States. She emphasized the importance of providing healthcare services to underserved populations in their own communities. Mary Breckenridge, known for establishing the Frontier Nursing Service, is not associated with the Henry Street Settlement. Mary Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse known for her work during the Crimean War, not for public health nursing in the US. Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross, not the Henry Street Settlement. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Lillian Wald.
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When first diagnosed with Parkinson disease, how can the patient and family best avoid future ethical dilemmas concerning the patient's care?
- A. Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care.
- B. Explain to the family that the patient's cognitive function will deteriorate as time passes.
- C. Discuss the patient's religious and spiritual concerns to identify potential problems.
- D. Identify which family members will be in control of decision making for the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Work with the patient and family to create an advanced plan of care. This is the best way to avoid ethical dilemmas because it involves proactive decision-making and communication among all parties involved. By creating an advanced plan of care, the patient and family can outline the patient's preferences, values, and goals for future care, ensuring that decisions align with the patient's wishes. This helps prevent potential conflicts and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the patient's care.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Explaining cognitive decline does not directly address how to avoid ethical dilemmas and may cause unnecessary distress.
C: Discussing religious and spiritual concerns is important but may not specifically address future ethical dilemmas related to care decisions.
D: Identifying family members in control of decision-making does not necessarily prevent ethical dilemmas and may overlook the patient's autonomy and preferences.
A staff nurse states, "I really enjoyed having dinner with the Chief of Medical Staff and the President of the hospital. We hope to meet again soon." Which source of power does this nurse possess?
- A. Expert
- B. Legitimate
- C. Connection
- D. Reward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Connection. The nurse's power comes from her ability to network and build relationships with influential individuals like the Chief of Medical Staff and the President of the hospital. This grants her access to information, resources, and opportunities not available to others. This power is based on who she knows rather than her expertise (A), position (B), or ability to offer rewards (D). The nurse's statement implies that her influence stems from her connections, making choice C the most appropriate answer.
A client asks the nurse, "Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social Security Act?" The nurse responds that Medicare:
- A. led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital's based nursing care.
- B. provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were not eligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.
- C. provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.
- D. ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-stage renal disease or permanent disabilities had health care insurance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Medicare is a federal health insurance program that primarily covers individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities. This answer aligns with the original intent and purpose of Medicare as established by the Social Security Act amendment.
Explanation:
1. Medicare was established to provide health insurance for specific groups, including individuals aged 65 and older, those with end-stage renal disease, and individuals with permanent disabilities.
2. The program was not designed to lead to hospital closings or decrease nursing care, as stated in choice A.
3. Choice B is incorrect because Medicare does not specifically target younger adults or children with catastrophic illnesses.
4. Choice C is incorrect because while Medicare may cover preventive care for certain populations, its primary focus is on providing insurance for specific age groups and individuals with specific health conditions.
Which nurse best portrays nursing as a "knowledge worker"?
- A. Nurse in matched scrubs with lab coat, hair back, small stud earrings
- B. Nurse in mismatched scrubs, no lab coat, large hoop earrings
- C. Nurse in white uniform with apron with no jewelry/hair back
- D. Nurse with nose ring and eyebrow piercing with starched white uniform and cap
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse in matched scrubs with a lab coat and minimal jewelry portrays professionalism and adherence to safety standards. The lab coat signifies a commitment to infection control and respect for the clinical environment. The hair being pulled back ensures cleanliness and prevents hair from falling into a patient's wound. Small stud earrings are safe and do not pose a risk of injury to the nurse or patient.
Choice B is incorrect because mismatched scrubs and large hoop earrings may not reflect professionalism or attention to detail, which are crucial in nursing practice.
Choice C is incorrect as the nurse in a white uniform with apron and no jewelry may seem traditional but lacks the modern approach and attention to safety standards displayed by choice A.
Choice D is incorrect because the nurse with nose and eyebrow piercings, despite wearing a starched white uniform and cap, may not be perceived as a professional and may not adhere to conservative workplace standards.
In February 2010, Congress passed legislation to support universal health care for all Americans. At a local health fair, an individual asks about the difference between universal health care and a single payer system. The nurse explains the difference is that:
- A. with universal health, one universal payer, usually the government, pays all expenses for health care.
- B. single-payer systems offer health care only to eligible persons based on income.
- C. single-payer systems rely on insurance companies to pay predetermined fees for services.
- D. with universal health, one payer is responsible for all health care costs, providing health care to all citizens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system.
Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs.
Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly.
Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.