Nokea
The Prandtl number (Pr) is a dimensionless property relating:
- A. Viscosity and thermal diffusivity
- B. Density and pressure
- C. Surface tension and pressure
- D. Reynolds number and flow regime
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Prandtl number (Pr) is a dimensionless number used to characterize fluid flow. It is the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. In simpler terms, it relates the ability of a fluid to conduct heat to its ability to conduct momentum. Therefore, the correct relationship is between viscosity and thermal diffusivity, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the properties that the Prandtl number relates.
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Which property of a substance does not change with a change in temperature?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Phase
- D. Solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mass is an intrinsic property of a substance that remains constant regardless of temperature changes. It is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and this quantity does not vary with temperature or the environment in which the substance is located. The conservation of mass in chemistry dictates that mass is neither created nor destroyed, making it independent of temperature variations.\nVolume, on the other hand, changes with temperature due to thermal expansion or contraction. Phase can change with temperature, leading to transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. Solubility is affected by temperature changes as it influences the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
When analyzing a power plant, which of the following is NOT considered a part of the system?
- A. The fuel being burned.
- B. The working fluid (e.g., steam or water).
- C. The turbine that generates electricity.
- D. The surrounding air.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a power plant system, the components directly involved in the energy conversion process are considered part of the system. The fuel being burned provides the heat source, the working fluid transfers this heat energy, and the turbine converts it into mechanical energy to generate electricity. The surrounding air, while it may interact with the system, is not a component that directly participates in the energy conversion process within the power plant system. Therefore, the correct answer is D - The surrounding air. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of a power plant system as they play direct roles in the energy conversion process, unlike the surrounding air.
Cavitation is a phenomenon observed in fluids when the pressure falls below its:
- A. Boiling point
- B. Density
- C. Freezing point
- D. Vapor pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cavitation is a phenomenon where vapor bubbles form in a fluid due to pressure dropping below the vapor pressure of the liquid. When this occurs, the bubbles collapse, creating intense shock waves. The pressure falling below the vapor pressure is what triggers cavitation, not the boiling point, density, or freezing point of the fluid. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Vapor pressure,' as it directly relates to the pressure threshold required for cavitation to happen.
Jack stands in front of a plane mirror. If he is 5 feet away from the mirror, how far away from Jack is his image?
- A. 2.5 feet
- B. 3 feet
- C. 4.5 feet
- D. 5 feet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When Jack stands in front of a plane mirror, his image appears the same distance behind the mirror as Jack is in front of it. Therefore, if Jack is 5 feet away from the mirror, his image will also appear 5 feet behind the mirror. The total distance from Jack to his image is the sum of these distances, which equals 10 feet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the image distance is not half of the total distance but the same as the object's distance from the mirror.
When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, what will happen to the capacitance?
- A. Increase
- B. Decrease
- C. Remain the same
- D. Become unpredictable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, the capacitance will increase. This is because the presence of a dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored for a given voltage, thus increasing the capacitance. Choice B is incorrect because adding a dielectric material increases capacitance. Choice C is incorrect because capacitance changes when a dielectric is added. Choice D is incorrect because the effect of a dielectric on capacitance is predictable.