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The PRIORITY health message to share with a client in the recovery room immediately following cesarean section includes
- A. Frequent coughing & deep breathing
- B. Importance of perineal self-care
- C. Importance of early ambulation
- D. Signs of puerperal infections
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Importance of early ambulation. After a cesarean section, early ambulation is crucial to prevent complications like blood clots and promote circulation. It helps prevent post-operative complications. Choice A is important for respiratory health but not the priority right after surgery. Choice B focuses on perineal care which is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is important, but recognizing signs of infection can wait until the client is more stable. Early ambulation is key to preventing complications and aiding in recovery.
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In myelodysplastic syndromes, the primary indications for splenectomy include
- A. Major hemolysis unresponsive to medical management
- B. Severe symptoms of massive splenomegaly
- C. Sustained leukocyte elevation above 30,000 cells/µL
- D. Portal hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In myelodysplastic syndromes, splenectomy is indicated for sustained leukocyte elevation above 30,000 cells/µL to manage symptomatic splenomegaly and cytopenias. This is because an enlarged spleen can sequester and destroy blood cells, leading to low blood cell counts. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as splenectomy is not typically indicated for major hemolysis unresponsive to medical management, severe symptoms of massive splenomegaly, or portal hypertension in the context of myelodysplastic syndromes.
The factor indicative of an abnormal labour pattern on vaginal examination is
- A. The vagina is warm and moist
- B. Cervical canal is long and thick
- C. Cervical canal is short and thin
- D. The vagina is hot and dry
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: In normal labor, the cervix undergoes effacement and dilation.
Step 2: A short and thin cervical canal indicates progression towards labor.
Step 3: Long and thick cervical canal suggests a delay in labor progress.
Step 4: Choice C, short and thin cervical canal, is indicative of abnormal labor.
Summary: A, B, and D do not reflect changes in the cervix seen in labor, making them incorrect choices.
The MAIN aim of encouraging plenty of fluids to a postnatal client with urinary tract trauma is to
- A. Keep client well hydrated
- B. Maintain proper fluid balance
- C. Facilitate proper healing
- D. Control growth of organisms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep client well hydrated. Encouraging plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration, maintain adequate urine output, and promote flushing of the urinary tract to prevent infections, all crucial for postnatal clients with urinary tract trauma. Proper hydration also supports overall health and aids in the healing process.
B: Maintain proper fluid balance - While important, the main aim is to keep the client well hydrated to support healing.
C: Facilitate proper healing - Proper hydration does facilitate healing, but the primary aim is to keep the client well hydrated.
D: Control growth of organisms - While hydration can help in preventing infections, the main aim is to keep the client well hydrated.
Three (3) complications of breech presentation:
- A. Prolonged labor, umbilical cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia
- B. Cesarean delivery, fetal distress, uterine rupture
- C. Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Breech presentation increases risks during childbirth. Prolonged labor is common due to the position of the baby. Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the cord slips through the cervix before the baby, leading to oxygen deprivation. Shoulder dystocia happens when the baby's shoulders get stuck during delivery. Choice A is correct as it directly relates to complications of breech presentation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically address the complications associated with breech presentation. Cesarean delivery is often recommended for breech presentation to avoid complications. Uterine rupture is a rare but severe complication that is not directly caused by breech presentation. Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and low birth weight are not commonly associated with breech presentation. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.
The main diagnostic feature of puerperal pyrexia is
- A. Fever ≥ 38°C for three consecutive occasions
- B. Fever ≥ 38°C for three days continuously
- C. Fever ≥ 38°C for three weeks continuously
- D. Fever ≥ 38°C for six days occasionally
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fever ≥ 38°C for three consecutive occasions. Puerperal pyrexia is defined as fever occurring after childbirth. The key diagnostic feature is the presence of fever (≥ 38°C) on three consecutive occasions, indicating a persistent infection. Choice B is incorrect because it doesn't specify the need for consecutive occasions. Choice C is incorrect as it extends the duration of fever to three weeks, which is too long for typical puerperal pyrexia. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions "occasionally" instead of "consecutively," which is not indicative of a consistent fever pattern seen in puerperal pyrexia.