Gastrointestinal Practice Questions

Gastrointestinal Practice Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal Practice Questions related questions and content

The projection from the posterior edge of the soft palate elevates and helps close off the nasopharynx when swallowing. The projection is called the

  • A. buccal fat pad.
  • B. epiglottis.
  • C. uvula.
  • D. palatine tonsil.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: uvula. The uvula is a teardrop-shaped projection from the posterior edge of the soft palate that elevates during swallowing to help close off the nasopharynx, preventing food or liquids from entering the nasal cavity. The uvula's contraction is essential for proper swallowing function.

A: Buccal fat pad - located in the cheek area, not involved in swallowing or closing off the nasopharynx.
B: Epiglottis - a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway, not related to closing off the nasopharynx.
D: Palatine tonsil - located on the sides of the throat, important for immune function but not directly involved in swallowing or closing off the nasopharynx.

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Which of these is most associated with villi?

  • A. haustra
  • B. lacteals
  • C. bacterial flora
  • D. intestinal glands
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: lacteals. Villi are small finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. Lacteals are lymphatic vessels found in villi responsible for absorbing dietary fats. Haustra are pouches in the colon, not associated with villi. Bacterial flora is mainly found in the large intestine, not specifically associated with villi. Intestinal glands are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, but they are not directly associated with villi.

The patient asks the nurse why she needs to have surgery for a femoral, strangulated herni What is the best explanation the nurse can give the patient?

  • A. The surgery will relieve her constipation.
  • B. The abnormal hernia must be replaced into the abdomen.
  • C. The surgery is needed to allow intestinal flow and prevent necrosis.
  • D. The hernia is because the umbilical opening did not close after birth as it should have.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Surgery for a strangulated hernia is needed to prevent the intestines from becoming necrotic due to impaired blood flow.

After several days of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, an older hospitalized patient develops watery

  • A. Which action should the nurse take first?
  • B. Notify the health care provider.
  • C. Obtain a stool specimen for analysis.
  • D. Teach the patient about hand washing.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should prioritize assessing the patient's condition to ensure immediate safety and appropriate intervention. This includes evaluating for signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and potential complications like Clostridium difficile infection. Option B is not the first action as immediate assessment is crucial. Option C is important but not the priority at this moment. Option D is important but should not be the first action in this scenario.

To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a male client with a hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which of the following discharge instructions?

  • A. "Lie down after meals to promote digestion."
  • B. "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."
  • C. "Take antacids with meals."
  • D. "Limit fluid intake with meals."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages." This is because both coffee and alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux.

A: "Lie down after meals" can worsen reflux symptoms as gravity helps keep stomach contents down.
C: "Take antacids with meals" may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying cause of reflux.
D: "Limit fluid intake with meals" can help reduce bloating but has no direct impact on preventing reflux.

Which of the following cell(s) produce a compound that insulates nerve axons and greatly increases the speed of transmission (conductance)?

  • A. node of Ranvier
  • B. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
  • C. any neuron
  • D. astrocytes and ependymal cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system, while oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system. Myelin insulates nerve axons, allowing for saltatory conduction, greatly increasing the speed of transmission. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where action potentials are regenerated, not where myelin is produced. Neurons themselves do not produce myelin. Astrocytes and ependymal cells have supportive roles in the nervous system but do not produce myelin.

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