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The psychosexual stage associated with fixation is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anal stage is often linked to fixation (e.g., anal-retentive traits) if unresolved (Freud).
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Two other types of sensory memory have been extensively studied: echoic memory and memory:
- A. Episodic
- B. Haptic
- C. Visual
- D. Audio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Echoic (auditory) and haptic (touch) sensory memories are studied alongside iconic (visual) memory.
Which statement by the nurse will have the greatest impact on medication adherence for a client diagnosed with depression?
- A. I can see about getting your medication for free if you promise to take it.'
- B. You will feel so much better if you take your medication as we've discussed.'
- C. Taking this medication will help you start enjoying the time you spend with your grandchildren again.'
- D. Take your medication and the depression you are feeling will go away and you'll be your old self again.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes a positive outcome that is personally meaningful to the client - enjoying time with grandchildren. This statement motivates the client by linking medication adherence to a specific benefit that holds significance for them. Option A involves a conditional offer which may not address the client's underlying motivation. Option B focuses on general improvement without personalizing it, and Option D oversimplifies the complexity of depression recovery. In summary, Option C is the most effective as it connects medication adherence to a specific and meaningful goal for the client.
Which nursing activity demonstrates the role of a professional psychiatric nurse as identified by Hildegard Peplau?
- A. Managing the milieu
- B. Caring for the client's physiological needs
- C. Providing counseling
- D. Documenting client behaviors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Providing counseling. Peplau, a renowned nursing theorist, emphasized the importance of the nurse-client relationship and therapeutic communication in psychiatric nursing. Counseling is a fundamental aspect of the nurse's role in helping clients explore thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to promote healing and growth. It allows for a deeper understanding of the client's needs and facilitates positive change. Managing the milieu (A) focuses on the physical environment, not the therapeutic relationship. Caring for physiological needs (B) is important but does not capture the essence of Peplau's theory. Documenting client behaviors (D) is crucial for monitoring progress but does not directly align with Peplau's emphasis on therapeutic communication.
Foreign medical graduates (FMGs) constitute what percentage of physicians in the U.S.?
- A. 5%
- B. 15%
- C. 25%
- D. 35%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FMGs make up about 25% of U.S. physicians, per current data.
The nurse demonstrates an understanding of the importance of assessment in prevention of mental illness when:
- A. Observing the partner of a pregnant woman for evidence of effective support and caring.
- B. Educating the family of a client diagnosed with depression as to the signs of suicide planning.
- C. Encouraging the parents of a teenager diagnosed with anorexia to attend family counseling.
- D. Assessing the problem-solving skills of a client diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because observing the partner of a pregnant woman for effective support and caring is important in preventing mental illness by promoting a supportive environment. This assessment can help identify potential risk factors or stressors that may contribute to the development of mental health issues. In contrast, options B, C, and D focus on interventions after the mental illness has already been diagnosed, rather than prevention through early assessment. B addresses managing a diagnosed condition, C focuses on treatment through counseling, and D involves evaluating specific symptoms rather than holistic support. Thus, A is the most appropriate choice for prevention through early assessment.