Nokea
The purpose of the CPM machine is to provide:
- A. active abduction and adduction
- B. active range of motion to all joints
- C. passive flexion and extension
- D. passive internal and external rotation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A CPM machine provides passive flexion and extension to promote joint mobility without active patient effort.
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You are caring for a patient with a fresh total hip replacement. Which statement would indicate that your patient needs more teaching?
- A. I will sleep with the abductor pillow between my legs every night for several months
- B. I can cross my legs when I am sitting in a chair as long as my feet are elevated on a footstool
- C. I need to use an extension gripper to pick up anything I drop
- D. I will sit in the recliner with the back slightly reclined when I am out of bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crossing legs after a total hip replacement risks dislocation of the prosthesis, indicating a need for further teaching.
The purpose of which of the following devices is to prevent flexion of an affected joint?
- A. Cast
- B. Immobilizer
- C. Splint
- D. Elastic bandages
- E. Traction
- F. Abductor pillow
- G. Ilizarov frame
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Casts, immobilizers, and splints are designed to stabilize and prevent flexion of joints to promote healing.
A patient is in skeletal traction for a comminuted fracture of the tibia. While giving pin care, you notice a small amount of serous drainage around each pin site. Which observation is most accurate?
- A. The drainage is a symptom of skin infection
- B. This finding is normal for skeletal traction
- C. This is an indication of pin dislocation
- D. The drainage is an indication of a bone infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A small amount of serous drainage is normal around pin sites in skeletal traction, as long as there are no signs of infection.
Which is (are) true of chemical regulation of respirations?
- A. Chemoreceptors are located in the carotid and aorta and the brain
- B. The cerebellum is responsible for brain control of respirations
- C. The chemoreceptors in the brain cause an increase in the rate and depth of respirations in response to changes in blood pH
- D. If the carbon dioxide level is higher than normal in the blood, the blood becomes more acidic and the pH falls below 7.35
- E. If the oxygen level in the blood falls, this provides the stimulus to breathe in people who do not have chronic lung disease
- F. Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta respond to decreased oxygen in the blood and send the message to the medulla
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: These statements accurately describe the chemical regulation of respiration, involving chemoreceptors and responses to pH and oxygen levels.
A patient who has chronic lung disease is stimulated to breathe because the chemoreceptors detect:
- A. low oxygen in the blood
- B. high oxygen in the blood
- C. low carbon dioxide in the blood
- D. high carbon dioxide in the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic lung disease, high carbon dioxide levels drive respiration due to desensitized oxygen chemoreceptors.