Nokea
The quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities can be improved significantly with the help of basic training procedures that will equip them with a range of skills depending on their level of disability. The application of learning theory to training in these areas is also known as:
- A. Applied cognitive approaches
- B. Applied treatment analysis
- C. Cognitive behavioural therapy
- D. Applied behaviour analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Applied Behaviour Analysis: Applying principles of learning theory, particularly operant conditioning, to improve skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
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After a person was abducted and raped at gunpoint by an unknown assailant, which trauma syndrome is most likely to occur?
- A. Decreased motor activity.
- B. Confusion and disbelief.
- C. Flashbacks and dreams.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Confusion and disbelief. After experiencing a traumatic event like abduction and rape at gunpoint, it is common for individuals to feel confused and in disbelief due to the overwhelming nature of the experience. This reaction is part of the acute stress response and is a normal psychological defense mechanism. Decreased motor activity (choice A) is less likely to be the immediate response to such a traumatic event. Flashbacks and dreams (choice C) are more characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may develop later on but are not the initial trauma syndrome. Choice D is incorrect as trauma responses are expected in this situation.
Multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder often begins
- A. as a result of combat exhaustion
- B. in adulthood as a response to unremitting phobias
- C. as a consequence of post-traumatic stress disorders
- D. in childhood as a result of unbearable experiences
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dissociative identity disorder typically originates in childhood from severe trauma, such as abuse, leading to identity fragmentation.
A nurse conducts group therapy on the eating disorders unit. Sessions are scheduled immediately after meals. What is the rationale?
- A. Provide a forum for journaling about foods eaten.
- B. Shift the patients' focus from food to psychotherapy.
- C. Promote processing of anxiety associated with eating.
- D. Focus on weight control mechanisms and food preparation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because scheduling group therapy sessions immediately after meals can help promote processing of anxiety associated with eating. This timing allows patients to address their feelings and thoughts about food in a supportive environment, leading to better understanding and management of their anxieties. Choice A is incorrect because journaling about foods eaten is not the primary purpose of group therapy sessions. Choice B is incorrect as the main focus is on addressing anxiety related to eating disorders, not shifting focus to psychotherapy. Choice D is incorrect as weight control mechanisms and food preparation are not the main objectives of group therapy for eating disorders.
A client who was treated for anorexia nervosa is seen by the therapist for a follow-up visit 1 month after discharge from the hospital. Which statement indicates that the client has met the goal 'Demonstrate improvement in body image with more realistic view of body shape and size?'
- A. When I go shopping, I always select clothes that are several sizes too large for me.'
- B. My boyfriend says I really look good now that I'm out of the hospital.'
- C. I had my class picture taken, and I think it looks really good.'
- D. My mother bought me a whole new wardrobe since I've been home.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client's statement reflects a positive and self-affirming perception of themselves. By stating that they think their class picture looks really good, it shows an improvement in body image and a more realistic view of their body shape and size. This indicates progress towards the goal of developing a healthier self-perception.
Choice A is incorrect because selecting clothes that are several sizes too large may still indicate body image distortion and dissatisfaction. Choice B is incorrect because relying on external validation from a boyfriend does not necessarily reflect an internalized improvement in body image. Choice D is incorrect as the mother buying a new wardrobe does not directly address the client's perception of their body image or shape.
An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?
- A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
- B. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
- C. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
- D. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Communication with individuals who have schizophrenia might be difficult because of their various thought disorders. The nurse can be most effective by using simple language, keeping to concrete concepts, and clarifying and validating as needed (B). Yes/no questions (A) limit information, silence (C) may not engage, and open-ended questions (D) may confuse.