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The risk for developing the condition is about 50% only if both parents were carriers of the gene that predisposes the condition to their offspring.
- A. The risk is 25% if only one parent is a carrier.
- B. The risk is 50% if both parents are carriers.
- C. The risk is 75% if both parents are carriers.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. If both parents are carriers of a gene that predisposes a condition, each parent contributes one copy of the gene, resulting in a 50% chance that the offspring will inherit the gene from both parents, leading to a 50% risk of developing the condition. Choice A is incorrect because if only one parent is a carrier, the offspring has a 25% chance of inheriting the gene. Choice C is incorrect as the risk is not 75% when both parents are carriers, but rather 50%. Choice D is also incorrect as the risk is indeed 50% when both parents are carriers.
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A 35-year-old woman who is being interviewed by the advanced practice nurse indicates that she has few friends, fears criticism from others, and withholds information about her thoughts and feelings because she anticipates a negative reaction. Based on these data, the nurse suspects that Sarah may later be diagnosed as having:
- A. Borderline personality disorder
- B. Histrionic personality disorder
- C. Avoidant personality disorder
- D. Schizoid personality disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoidant personality disorder. This is because the woman's fear of criticism, avoidance of sharing thoughts/feelings, and limited social circle are indicative of social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy, which are key features of avoidant personality disorder.
A: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions, as well as impulsivity and fear of abandonment.
B: Histrionic personality disorder involves attention-seeking behavior, emotions that are shallow and rapidly shifting, and the need to be the center of attention.
D: Schizoid personality disorder is marked by social detachment, limited emotional expression, and preference for solitary activities.
A patient states that unit staff members have been avoiding them since an attempt to self-mutilate. The psychiatric-mental health nurse's most appropriate response is to:
- A. apologize for the staff's behavior
- B. explain that feelings of rejection are typical after self-mutilation
- C. listen, redirect the patient to their feelings, and explore the issue with the staff
- D. report the matter to the nurse manager
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Listening validates the patient, redirecting focuses on their emotions, and exploring with staff addresses care quality.
A priority measure to teach a client who purges is:
- A. that purging endangers one's health.
- B. that individuals who are overweight can be well-adjusted.
- C. to seek out a trusted person when feeling the need to purge.
- D. to use laxatives rather than vomiting as a way to eliminate food.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because seeking out a trusted person when feeling the need to purge can help the client establish a supportive and healthy coping mechanism. It encourages open communication, emotional support, and accountability. This approach addresses the underlying issues contributing to the purging behavior, fostering long-term positive change. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the need for seeking support and establishing healthier coping strategies.
A 10-year-old boy is diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect?
- A. Having tea parties with dolls
- B. A compromised sexual response cycle
- C. Identifying with boys who are athletic
- D. Intense urges to watch his parents have sex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a child with gender dysphoria may display behaviors that align with the gender they identify with, such as engaging in activities typically associated with that gender. Tea parties with dolls may indicate the child's preference for activities stereotypically linked to girls, indicating a mismatch between their assigned gender and gender identity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with typical assessment findings for gender dysphoria in children. B is more related to sexual dysfunction, C is a common behavior for all children, and D is inappropriate and unrelated to the diagnosis of gender dysphoria.
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with bulimia nervosa who engages in frequent purging behaviors?
- A. Ineffective coping related to inability to control impulses.
- B. Risk for injury related to electrolyte imbalances.
- C. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to food refusal.
- D. Disturbed body image related to fear of weight gain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk for injury related to electrolyte imbalances. Patients with bulimia nervosa who engage in frequent purging behaviors are at risk for electrolyte imbalances due to loss of potassium, sodium, and other essential minerals. This can lead to serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias and organ damage. Monitoring and addressing electrolyte imbalances is crucial in the care of these patients to prevent potential harm.
A: Ineffective coping related to inability to control impulses is not the most appropriate diagnosis as it does not directly address the immediate risk of electrolyte imbalances in this scenario.
C: Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to food refusal is not the most appropriate diagnosis as the primary concern in bulimia nervosa with purging behaviors is the risk of electrolyte imbalances, not necessarily inadequate food intake.
D: Disturbed body image related to fear of weight gain is not the most appropriate diagnosis as it does not address the immediate physical health risks