Review of Systems Neurological Questions

Review of Systems Neurological Questions Related

Review Review of Systems Neurological Questions related questions and content

What is the term for a reflex that does not include a CNS component?

  • A. long reflex
  • B. visceral reflex
  • C. somatic reflex
  • D. short reflex
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: short reflex. Short reflexes are reflex actions that do not involve the central nervous system (CNS) and occur entirely at the level of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These reflexes are mediated by local circuits within the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli without needing to involve the brain or spinal cord.

A: long reflex - This term refers to reflexes that involve the CNS and typically have a more complex pathway than short reflexes.
B: visceral reflex - This term describes reflexes involving internal organs and can involve both the CNS and PNS components.
C: somatic reflex - This term refers to reflexes involving skeletal muscles and is generally mediated by the CNS.

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The part of the brain responsible for unconscious bodily functions is the:

  • A. cerebrum.
  • B. cerebellum.
  • C. brain stem.
  • D. cranial nerves.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The brain stem is responsible for regulating unconscious bodily functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It includes structures like the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. These areas control vital processes necessary for survival and maintain homeostasis. The brain stem also serves as a pathway for nerve signals traveling between the brain and the rest of the body, making it essential for basic life functions.

Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?

  • A. cryptococcosis
  • B. histoplasmosis
  • C. candidiasis
  • D. coccidiomycosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cryptococcosis. The encapsulated yeast causing meningitis in this disease is Cryptococcus neoformans. This yeast has a unique capsule that allows it to evade the host immune system, leading to meningitis. Histoplasmosis (B) is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which is not encapsulated. Candidiasis (C) is caused by Candida species, which are not encapsulated yeasts. Coccidiomycosis (D) is caused by Coccidioides species, which are dimorphic fungi and not encapsulated yeasts.

The healthcare provider is planning care for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following is the priority intervention?

  • A. Advise the patient to drink liquids through a straw
  • B. Monitor the patient's temperature to avoid overheating
  • C. Teach the patient's family how to meet the patient's needs
  • D. Encourage bed rest in order to conserve strength
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Overheating can exacerbate MS symptoms, so monitoring temperature is a priority to prevent symptom flare-ups.

Mrs. Brown's condition has just been diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. Which of the following would be most helpful in assisting her to live with her disease?

  • A. Teaching her about specific diet restrictions
  • B. Explaining the need for regular daily activity, rest, and relaxation
  • C. Encouraging regular appointments with a psychotherapist
  • D. Explaining that complete recovery can be expected
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Regular activity, rest, and relaxation help manage symptoms.

When assessing a patient's orientation, the nurse should:

  • A. Ask the patient questions about their name, location, and the date.
  • B. Measure the patient's temperature.
  • C. Inspect the patient's skin color.
  • D. Check the patient's pulse rate.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Orientation is assessed by asking the patient about their name, location, and the date. Temperature, skin color, and pulse rate are unrelated to orientation.

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