Nokea
A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient? The patient is:
- A. suppressing accurate feelings regarding the problem.
- B. relieving anxiety through the physical symptom.
- C. meeting needs through hospitalization.
- D. refusing to disclose genuine fears.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is unconcerned about the blindness, indicating that the symptom is relieving anxiety. This is characteristic of conversion disorder where physical symptoms alleviate psychological distress. Other choices are incorrect because the patient is not necessarily suppressing feelings (A), not meeting needs through hospitalization (C), and not refusing to disclose fears (D).
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When the nurse talks with a client with multiple sclerosis who has slurred speech, which nursing intervention is contraindicated?
- A. Encouraging the client to speak slowly
- B. Encouraging the client to speak distinctly
- C. Asking the client to repeat indistinguishable words
- D. Asking the client to speak louder when tired
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asking the client to speak louder when tired can exacerbate fatigue and frustration, which is counterproductive for someone with MS.
Early symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) include changes in mood, temperament and behaviour followed by impairments in memory and concentration, and confused thinking. The infectious agent in vCJD is thought to be which of the following?
- A. MRSA.
- B. Prion.
- C. Ion.
- D. Hemaglobin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prions are abnormal, infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases like variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic symptoms of vCJD, such as mood changes, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Prion diseases are incurable and ultimately fatal, making early detection and prevention critical.
Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?
- A. cryptococcosis
- B. histoplasmosis
- C. candidiasis
- D. coccidiomycosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cryptococcosis. The encapsulated yeast causing meningitis in this disease is Cryptococcus neoformans. This yeast has a unique capsule that allows it to evade the host immune system, leading to meningitis. Histoplasmosis (B) is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which is not encapsulated. Candidiasis (C) is caused by Candida species, which are not encapsulated yeasts. Coccidiomycosis (D) is caused by Coccidioides species, which are dimorphic fungi and not encapsulated yeasts.
The healthcare provider is planning care for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following is the priority intervention?
- A. Advise the patient to drink liquids through a straw
- B. Monitor the patient's temperature to avoid overheating
- C. Teach the patient's family how to meet the patient's needs
- D. Encourage bed rest in order to conserve strength
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Overheating can exacerbate MS symptoms, so monitoring temperature is a priority to prevent symptom flare-ups.
Nurse Taylor is about to conduct an initial assessment on Mrs. Bennett, a 62-year-old woman admitted with Parkinson's Disease. As part of her preparation, Nurse Taylor reviews the etiology of Parkinson's disease, especially considering its typical onset between 50-60 years of age. What should Nurse Taylor understand as the primary cause of Parkinson's Disease?
- A. The natural death of brain cells due to aging.
- B. Genetic or hereditary factors.
- C. Exposure to injurious chemical substances.
- D. Dysfunction of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain.