Nokea
A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the ________ .
- A. motor neurons
- B. interneurons
- C. autonomic nervous system
- D. central nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors (e.g., in the skin, eyes, or ears) to the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. These neurons play a crucial role in detecting external and internal stimuli, such as touch, temperature, and pain, and relaying this information to the CNS for processing and response.
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What is the term for a reflex that does not include a CNS component?
- A. long reflex
- B. visceral reflex
- C. somatic reflex
- D. short reflex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: short reflex. Short reflexes are reflex actions that do not involve the central nervous system (CNS) and occur entirely at the level of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These reflexes are mediated by local circuits within the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli without needing to involve the brain or spinal cord.
A: long reflex - This term refers to reflexes that involve the CNS and typically have a more complex pathway than short reflexes.
B: visceral reflex - This term describes reflexes involving internal organs and can involve both the CNS and PNS components.
C: somatic reflex - This term refers to reflexes involving skeletal muscles and is generally mediated by the CNS.
As the action potential swings down,
- A. potassium ions move out of the axon.
- B. potassium ions move into the axon.
- C. sodium ions move into the axon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the repolarization phase of an action potential, potassium ions move out of the axon, restoring the negative charge inside the neuron. This efflux of potassium ions helps return the membrane potential to its resting state after depolarization. The movement of potassium ions is facilitated by voltage-gated potassium channels, which open in response to the change in membrane potential.
To which patient would you assign the nurse pulled from the PACU for the day?
- A. A 35-year-old patient with osteomyelitis who needs teaching prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
- B. A 62-year-old patient with osteomalacia who is being discharged to a long-term care facility.
- C. A 68-year-old patient with osteoporosis and a new orthotic device whose knowledge of use of this device must be assessed.
- D. A 72-year-old patient with Paget's disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This patient requires immediate post-surgical care, which aligns with the skills of a nurse from the PACU.
Which of the following findings is common in clients with Paget's disease?
- A. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level
- B. Decreased urinary hydroxyproline excretion
- C. Elevated leukocyte count
- D. Elevated creatinine level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase is a marker of increased bone turnover in Paget's disease.
Benzodiazepine medication is being used to help manage this patient's behavior?
- A. Sertraline (Zoloft)
- B. Donepezil (Aricept)
- C. Lorazepam (Ativan)
- D. Risperidone (Risperdal)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for agitation