Nokea
Which of the following is the most effective drug for PD?
- A. Amantadine
- B. Carbidopa/levodopa
- C. Pramipexole
- D. Rasagiline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbidopa/levodopa is the most effective drug for managing Parkinson's disease symptoms, as it replenishes dopamine levels in the brain.
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Nurse Taylor is about to conduct an initial assessment on Mrs. Bennett, a 62-year-old woman admitted with Parkinson's Disease. As part of her preparation, Nurse Taylor reviews the etiology of Parkinson's disease, especially considering its typical onset between 50-60 years of age. What should Nurse Taylor understand as the primary cause of Parkinson's Disease?
- A. The natural death of brain cells due to aging.
- B. Genetic or hereditary factors.
- C. Exposure to injurious chemical substances.
- D. Dysfunction of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain.
A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?
- A. Thalamus
- B. Brainstem
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Extrapyramidal tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in symptoms like unsteadiness and difficulty maintaining balance. The thalamus (A) is involved in relaying sensory and motor signals but is not directly related to balance. The brainstem (B) plays a role in basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, not balance. The extrapyramidal tract (D) is involved in regulating motor activities but is not primarily responsible for balance control.
The nurse needs to detect the presence of ischemia in a client with tissue injury. Which of the following signs and symptoms may indicate the presence of ischemia?
- A. Signs of fatigue
- B. Signs of respiratory depression
- C. Absence of a peripheral pulse
- D. Heavy swelling in the injured area
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ischemia often results in the absence of a peripheral pulse due to restricted blood flow.
Regarding anterior nerve roots
- A. They contain efferent fibres only
- B. All roots contain sympathetic fibres
- C. Anterior roots join with posterior roots 1cm distal to the intervertebral foramen
- D. There are 31 pairs of anterior nerve roots
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior nerve roots contain efferent (motor) fibers only. They join with posterior (sensory) roots to form spinal nerves, which then exit the intervertebral foramen.
To which patient would you assign the nurse pulled from the PACU for the day?
- A. A 35-year-old patient with osteomyelitis who needs teaching prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
- B. A 62-year-old patient with osteomalacia who is being discharged to a long-term care facility.
- C. A 68-year-old patient with osteoporosis and a new orthotic device whose knowledge of use of this device must be assessed.
- D. A 72-year-old patient with Paget's disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This patient requires immediate post-surgical care, which aligns with the skills of a nurse from the PACU.