Nokea
Nurse Peterson is reviewing her notes on various neurological conditions to prepare for an upcoming training session. She focuses on a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the central nervous system, notable for small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Which disease is Nurse Peterson studying?
- A. Huntington's disease
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease
- D. Multiple sclerosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms.
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You are mentoring a student nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU) while caring for a patient with meningococcal meningitis. Which action by the student requires that you intervene immediately?
- A. The student enters the room without putting on a mask and gown.
- B. The student instructs the family that visits are restricted to 10 minutes.
- C. The student gives the patient a warm blanket when he says he feels cold.
- D. The student checks the patient's pupil response to light every 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infection control measures are critical in preventing the spread of meningococcal meningitis.
What is the purpose of performing the Romberg test?
- A. To assess the patient's balance and proprioception.
- B. To measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. To inspect the patient's skin color.
- D. To check the patient's hearing ability.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Romberg test evaluates balance and proprioception by having the patient stand with eyes closed. Blood pressure, skin color, and hearing are unrelated to this test.
A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the ________ .
- A. motor neurons
- B. interneurons
- C. autonomic nervous system
- D. central nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit nerve impulses from sensory receptors (e.g., in the skin, eyes, or ears) to the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. These neurons play a crucial role in detecting external and internal stimuli, such as touch, temperature, and pain, and relaying this information to the CNS for processing and response.
While obtaining a patient's medical history, you find that the patient is taking levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) for Parkinson's disease. Which of the following information in the patient's health history alerts you to take further action?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Pancreatic disease
- C. Glaucoma
- D. Impaired hearing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The combination of levodopa and carbidopa, both dopamine-replacement drugs, can cause changes in intraocular pressure. Providers should not prescribe this drug combination for patients who have glaucoma, and in this case, the patient's drug therapy requires adjustment. Pancreatic disorders are not a contraindication for levodopa/carbidopa; instead, caution is required when using it with patients who have peptic ulcer disease. Hearing impairment is not a contraindication for levodopa/carbidopa; instead, it can cause a variety of vision disturbances.
Which of the following signs is present in a client with meningitis and is described as the inability to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed on the abdomen?
- A. Opisthotonos
- B. Positive Brudzinski's sign
- C. Positive Kernig's sign
- D. Nuchal rigidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kernig's sign is characterized by this specific limitation in leg extension.