Nokea
When the nurse talks with a client with multiple sclerosis who has slurred speech, which nursing intervention is contraindicated?
- A. Encouraging the client to speak slowly
- B. Encouraging the client to speak distinctly
- C. Asking the client to repeat indistinguishable words
- D. Asking the client to speak louder when tired
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asking the client to speak louder when tired can exacerbate fatigue and frustration, which is counterproductive for someone with MS.
You may also like to solve these questions
The corneal stroma:
- A. measures 500 um thick
- B. transmits 90% of the incoming light
- C. derives most of its oxygen from the precorneal tear film
- D. is acellular which accounts for its transparency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corneal stroma is approximately 500 micrometers thick and is responsible for the majority of the cornea's thickness. It transmits most of the incoming light, but its transparency is due to the regular arrangement of collagen fibers and the presence of keratocytes, not because it is acellular.
A patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) complains about a severe throbbing headache that suddenly started a short time ago. Assessment of the patient reveals increased blood pressure (168/94) and decreased heart rate (48/minute), diaphoreses, and flushing of the face and neck. What action should you take first?
- A. Administer the ordered acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- B. Check the Foley tubing for kinks or obstruction.
- C. Adjust the temperature in the patient's room.
- D. Notify the physician about the change in status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking the Foley tubing is critical as it could indicate autonomic dysreflexia, a life-threatening condition in SCI patients.
The nurse is explaining the transmission of nerve impulses to a patient with a spinal cord injury. What should the nurse explain as the structure that carries nerve impulses at synapses?
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Depolarizations
- C. Schwann cells
- D. Neurotransmitters
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemicals released at the synaptic end bulb of a neuron that carry nerve impulses across the synapse to the next neuron. The cell membrane and depolarizations are involved in the electrical aspect of impulse transmission, while Schwann cells form the myelin sheath. Neurotransmitters are key to understanding synaptic communication.
Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia & hemianopia develop together with disease in the:
- A. spinal cord
- B. internal capsule
- C. thalamus
- D. brainstem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Internal capsule is the correct answer because it contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that transmit motor and sensory information between the brain and the spinal cord. Damage to the internal capsule can result in hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), hemianesthesia (sensory loss on one side), and hemianopia (visual field loss on one side) due to the dense concentration of these fibers in this region.
With regards to the spinal cord blood supply
- A. There are two anterior spinal arteries
- B. The anterior spinal artery arises form the vertebral artery
- C. The posterior spinal artery is singular
- D. The posterior spinal artery arises from the posterior superior cerebellar
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior spinal artery arises from the vertebral artery and supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord. The posterior spinal arteries are paired and supply the posterior third.