Nokea
A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?
- A. Thalamus
- B. Brainstem
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Extrapyramidal tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in symptoms like unsteadiness and difficulty maintaining balance. The thalamus (A) is involved in relaying sensory and motor signals but is not directly related to balance. The brainstem (B) plays a role in basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, not balance. The extrapyramidal tract (D) is involved in regulating motor activities but is not primarily responsible for balance control.
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A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient? The patient is:
- A. suppressing accurate feelings regarding the problem.
- B. relieving anxiety through the physical symptom.
- C. meeting needs through hospitalization.
- D. refusing to disclose genuine fears.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is unconcerned about the blindness, indicating that the symptom is relieving anxiety. This is characteristic of conversion disorder where physical symptoms alleviate psychological distress. Other choices are incorrect because the patient is not necessarily suppressing feelings (A), not meeting needs through hospitalization (C), and not refusing to disclose fears (D).
Which lobe is most closely associated with visual processing?
- A. frontal
- B. temporal
- C. parietal
- D. occipital
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The occipital lobe is the primary area of the brain responsible for visual processing. It contains the visual cortex, which processes information from the eyes and interprets it as images. Damage to the occipital lobe can result in visual impairments, such as blindness or difficulty recognizing objects. The occipital lobe works in conjunction with other brain regions to integrate visual information with other sensory inputs.
For a patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia, complete this outcome: Within 4 weeks, the patient will demonstrate an ability to execute complex mental processes by:
- A. functioning independently.
- B. verbalizing feelings of safety.
- C. regularly attending diversional activities.
- D. describing previously forgotten experiences.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient diagnosed with dissociative amnesia typically struggles with memory loss. By describing previously forgotten experiences, the patient demonstrates progress in accessing and processing their memories. This indicates improvement in their ability to execute complex mental processes.
A - Functioning independently is too broad and does not directly address the cognitive aspect of dissociative amnesia.
B - Verbalizing feelings of safety focuses more on emotional regulation rather than cognitive abilities.
C - Regularly attending diversional activities may be beneficial for overall well-being but does not specifically target the core issue of memory impairment in dissociative amnesia.
Which specialized cell of the skin produces pigment?
- A. Keratinocyte
- B. Melanocyte
- C. Langerhans
- D. Horney
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Melanocytes are the correct answer because they are specialized cells in the skin that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Melanin protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating the energy, thereby reducing DNA damage in skin cells. This function is crucial for preventing skin cancer and other UV-induced damage.
In promoting healthy feet, what factor should the nurse recognize is associated with most foot problems?
- A. Poor foot hygiene
- B. Congenital deformities
- C. Improperly fitting shoes
- D. Peripheral vascular disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ill-fitting shoes are a leading cause of foot issues.