Nokea
What is different when a lesion occurs in a lower motor neuron compared to in an upper motor neuron?
- A. Causes hyporeflexia and flaccidity
- B. Affects motor control of the lower body
- C. Arises in structures above the spinal cord
- D. Interferes with reflex arcs in the spinal cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions typically result in hyporeflexia and flaccidity due to direct involvement of motor neurons.
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The presence of Bell's palsy suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
- A. facial
- B. optic
- C. olfactory
- D. vestibular
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Facial nerve is the correct answer because Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by the sudden weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face due to inflammation or damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). This results in symptoms such as drooping of the mouth, inability to close the eye, and loss of facial expression.
When an individual displays a deficit in the comprehension of speech involving difficulties in recognising spoken words and converting thoughts into words is known as
- A. Wernicke's aphasia
- B. Broca's aphasia
- C. Beidecker's aphasia
- D. Warnick's aphasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding spoken language and converting thoughts into coherent speech. Individuals with this condition may produce fluent but nonsensical speech and struggle to recognize spoken words. This condition results from damage to Wernicke's area, a region in the temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension.
When assessing cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Test the sensation of the face and palpate the masseter muscles.
- B. Check the patient's ability to hear.
- C. Examine the patient's sense of smell.
- D. Assess the patient's swallowing ability.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve) is responsible for facial sensation and mastication. Testing facial sensation and palpating the masseter muscles assess its function. Hearing, smell, and swallowing are assessed by other cranial nerves.
The patient's spinal cord injury is at T4. What is the highest-level goal of rehabilitation that is realistic for this patient to have?
- A. Indoor mobility in manual wheelchair
- B. Ambulate with crutches and leg braces
- C. Be independent in self-care and wheelchair use
- D. Completely independent ambulation with short leg braces and canes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Independence in self-care and wheelchair use is realistic for T4 injuries.
To which patient would you assign the nurse pulled from the PACU for the day?
- A. A 35-year-old patient with osteomyelitis who needs teaching prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
- B. A 62-year-old patient with osteomalacia who is being discharged to a long-term care facility.
- C. A 68-year-old patient with osteoporosis and a new orthotic device whose knowledge of use of this device must be assessed.
- D. A 72-year-old patient with Paget's disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This patient requires immediate post-surgical care, which aligns with the skills of a nurse from the PACU.