Nokea
What is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain called?
- A. pia mater
- B. arachnoid mater
- C. dura mater
- D. alma mater
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, dura mater. The dura mater is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain, providing a tough protective layer. Pia mater (A) is the innermost layer, while arachnoid mater (B) is the middle layer. Choice D, alma mater, is a term referring to one's former school or college and is not related to brain anatomy. In summary, dura mater is the correct answer as it is the outermost protective membrane surrounding the brain, while the other choices refer to inner layers or are unrelated terms.
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A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient? The patient is:
- A. suppressing accurate feelings regarding the problem.
- B. relieving anxiety through the physical symptom.
- C. meeting needs through hospitalization.
- D. refusing to disclose genuine fears.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is unconcerned about the blindness, indicating that the symptom is relieving anxiety. This is characteristic of conversion disorder where physical symptoms alleviate psychological distress. Other choices are incorrect because the patient is not necessarily suppressing feelings (A), not meeting needs through hospitalization (C), and not refusing to disclose fears (D).
What is different when a lesion occurs in a lower motor neuron compared to in an upper motor neuron?
- A. Causes hyporeflexia and flaccidity
- B. Affects motor control of the lower body
- C. Arises in structures above the spinal cord
- D. Interferes with reflex arcs in the spinal cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions typically result in hyporeflexia and flaccidity due to direct involvement of motor neurons.
A patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) complains about a severe throbbing headache that suddenly started a short time ago. Assessment of the patient reveals increased blood pressure (168/94) and decreased heart rate (48/minute), diaphoreses, and flushing of the face and neck. What action should you take first?
- A. Administer the ordered acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- B. Check the Foley tubing for kinks or obstruction.
- C. Adjust the temperature in the patient's room.
- D. Notify the physician about the change in status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking the Foley tubing is critical as it could indicate autonomic dysreflexia, a life-threatening condition in SCI patients.
Cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space via the
- A. 4th ventricle
- B. 3rd ventricle
- C. subarachnoid granulations
- D. choroids plexus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median and lateral apertures. This allows CSF to circulate around the brain and spinal cord.
Priority Decision: A patient has fallen in the bathroom of the hospital room and reports pain in the upper right arm and elbow. Before splinting the injury, the nurse knows that the priority management of a possible fracture should include which action?
- A. Elevation of the arm
- B. Application of ice to the site
- C. Notification of the health care provider
- D. Neurovascular checks below the site of the injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurovascular checks ensure no compromise to blood supply or nerve function.