Nokea
In planning Mr. Smith's preoperative care to minimize the risk of an acute exacerbation, it will be most important to include
- A. discussion of postoperative care
- B. arrangements with dietary department to increase protein intake
- C. increased active and passive range-of-motion exercises
- D. time for Mr. Smith to share his feelings about the impending surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise helps maintain joint function and reduces the risk of exacerbation.
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The following conditions can affect the pupil size:
- A. iris colour
- B. fatigue
- C. exercise
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pupil size is influenced by factors such as iris color (darker irises may have smaller pupils), fatigue (pupils constrict with tiredness), and exercise (pupils dilate during physical activity). These changes are mediated by the autonomic nervous system.
A patient with a spinal cord injury (SCI) complains about a severe throbbing headache that suddenly started a short time ago. Assessment of the patient reveals increased blood pressure (168/94) and decreased heart rate (48/minute), diaphoreses, and flushing of the face and neck. What action should you take first?
- A. Administer the ordered acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- B. Check the Foley tubing for kinks or obstruction.
- C. Adjust the temperature in the patient's room.
- D. Notify the physician about the change in status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking the Foley tubing is critical as it could indicate autonomic dysreflexia, a life-threatening condition in SCI patients.
A diagnosis of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm has been made in a patient with manifestations of a stroke. The nurse anticipates which treatment option that would be considered for the patient?
- A. Hyperventilation therapy
- B. Surgical clipping of the aneurysm
- C. Administration of hyperosmotic agents
- D. Administration of thrombolytic therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surgical clipping prevents further bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm
Regarding anterior nerve roots
- A. They contain efferent fibres only
- B. All roots contain sympathetic fibres
- C. Anterior roots join with posterior roots 1cm distal to the intervertebral foramen
- D. There are 31 pairs of anterior nerve roots
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior nerve roots contain efferent (motor) fibers only. They join with posterior (sensory) roots to form spinal nerves, which then exit the intervertebral foramen.
What is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain called?
- A. pia mater
- B. arachnoid mater
- C. dura mater
- D. alma mater
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, dura mater. The dura mater is the outermost membrane surrounding the brain, providing a tough protective layer. Pia mater (A) is the innermost layer, while arachnoid mater (B) is the middle layer. Choice D, alma mater, is a term referring to one's former school or college and is not related to brain anatomy. In summary, dura mater is the correct answer as it is the outermost protective membrane surrounding the brain, while the other choices refer to inner layers or are unrelated terms.