test bank foundations of nursing

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The school nurse is teaching a nutrition class in the local high school. One student states that he has heard that certain foods can increase the incidence of cancer. The nurse responds, Research has shown that certain foods indeed appear to increase the risk of cancer. Which of the following menu selections would be the best choice for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?

  • A. Smoked salmon and green beans
  • B. Pork chops and fried green tomatoes
  • C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli
  • D. Liver, onions, and steamed peas
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli. This menu selection is the best choice for potentially reducing the risks of cancer due to several reasons. Baked apricot chicken is a lean protein source without the harmful effects of excessive red or processed meats, which are linked to an increased cancer risk. Apricots are rich in antioxidants like Vitamin C and beta-carotene, which can help protect cells from damage that may lead to cancer. Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable containing compounds like sulforaphane that have anti-cancer properties. Steaming broccoli helps retain its nutrients better compared to frying or overcooking. Therefore, this menu selection is a balanced, nutritious choice that includes cancer-fighting ingredients and avoids potentially harmful foods like red meats or fried items.

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A patient with a diagnosis of gastric cancer has been unable to tolerate oral food and fluid intake and her tumor location precludes the use of enteral feeding. What intervention should the nurse identify as best meeting this patients nutritional needs?

  • A. Administration of parenteral feeds via a peripheral IV
  • B. TPN administered via a peripherally inserted central catheter
  • C. Insertion of an NG tube for administration of feeds
  • D. Maintaining NPO status and IV hydration until treatment completion
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: TPN administered via a peripherally inserted central catheter. TPN provides comprehensive nutrition intravenously, bypassing the GI tract, which is important for patients unable to tolerate oral intake. A peripherally inserted central catheter allows for long-term TPN administration.

A: Administration of parenteral feeds via a peripheral IV is not ideal for long-term nutrition as it may not provide complete nutrition.
C: Insertion of an NG tube may not be feasible due to the tumor location and the patient's inability to tolerate oral intake.
D: Maintaining NPO status and IV hydration alone may lead to malnutrition over time as it does not provide adequate nutrition.

A smiling patient angrily states, “I will notcough and deep breathe.” How will the nurse interpret this finding?

  • A. The patient’s denotative meaning is wrong.
  • B. The patient’s personal space was violated.
  • C. The patient’s affect is inappropriate.
  • D. The patient’s vocabulary is poor.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient's affect, which refers to their emotional expression, is inappropriate. The patient is smiling while expressing anger, which is a contradiction. This inconsistency indicates a possible underlying issue such as emotional distress or confusion. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about the patient's understanding of the term "cough and deep breathe." Choice B is incorrect as there is no mention of personal space violation. Choice D is incorrect as the issue is not related to the patient's vocabulary but rather their emotional expression.

The clinic nurse is assessing a child who has been brought to the clinic with signs and symptoms that are suggestive of otitis externa. What assessment finding is characteristic of otitis externa?

  • A. Tophi on the pinna and ear lobe
  • B. Dark yellow cerumen in the external auditory canal
  • C. Pain on manipulation of the auricle
  • D. Air bubbles visible in the middle ear
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pain on manipulation of the auricle is characteristic of otitis externa. This is because otitis externa is an infection or inflammation of the outer ear canal, causing pain and tenderness when the ear is touched or manipulated.

A: Tophi on the pinna and ear lobe is characteristic of gout, not otitis externa.
B: Dark yellow cerumen in the external auditory canal is common and not specific to otitis externa.
D: Air bubbles visible in the middle ear are associated with otitis media, not otitis externa.

In summary, pain on manipulation of the auricle is a key assessment finding in otitis externa, distinguishing it from other ear conditions.

A medical nurse is providing palliative care to a patient with a diagnosis of end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What is the primary goal of this nurses care?

  • A. To improve the patients and familys quality of life
  • B. To support aggressive and innovative treatments for cure
  • C. To provide physical support for the patient
  • D. To help the patient develop a separate plan with each discipline of the health care team
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To improve the patients and familys quality of life. In palliative care for end-stage COPD, the primary goal is to enhance quality of life by managing symptoms, providing emotional support, and ensuring comfort. Choice B is incorrect as palliative care focuses on comfort rather than aggressive treatments. Choice C is incorrect because palliative care encompasses not only physical but also emotional, social, and spiritual support. Choice D is incorrect as the goal is to provide holistic care rather than separate plans for each discipline. Ultimately, the primary focus of palliative care in this scenario is to improve the overall quality of life for the patient and their family.

A patient on the oncology unit is receiving carmustine, a chemotherapy agent, and the nurse is aware that a significant side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Which symptom should the nurse assess for in patients at risk for thrombocytopenia?

  • A. Interrupted sleep pattern
  • B. Hot flashes
  • C. Epistaxis (nose bleed)
  • D. Increased weight
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epistaxis (nose bleed). Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, leading to impaired blood clotting and an increased risk of bleeding. Epistaxis is a common symptom of thrombocytopenia due to the lack of platelets to aid in clot formation. Assessing for epistaxis in patients receiving carmustine is crucial to monitor and manage potential bleeding complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not directly associated with thrombocytopenia.

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