Nokea
The scrotum is:
- A. A sac-like organ made of skin and muscles that houses the testes
- B. The external urethral orifice located at the tip of the penis
- C. The male gonads responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone
- D. A walnut-sized exocrine gland that borders the inferior end of the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The scrotum is a pouch of skin and muscle that protects and regulates the temperature of the testes.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an important biochemical marker for pregnancy and the basis for many tests. A maternity nurse should be aware that:
- A. hCG can be detected 2.5 weeks after conception
- B. the hCG level increases gradually and uniformly throughout pregnancy
- C. much lower than normal increases in the level of hCG may indicate a postdate pregnancy
- D. a higher than normal level of hCG may indicate an ectopic pregnancy or Down syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Higher hCG levels may indicate conditions such as multiple gestation, ectopic pregnancy, or Down syndrome. hCG levels fluctuate during pregnancy and peak around 8-10 weeks.
A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
- A. 3-1-1-1-3
- B. 4-1-2-0-4
- C. 3-0-3-0-3
- D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct calculation of this woman's gravidity and parity is 4-1-2-0-4. The numbers reflect the woman's gravidity and parity information.
The nurse is educating a pregnant client about common discomforts during the third trimester. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Perform pelvic-tilt exercises.
- B. Eat crackers prior to getting out of bed in the morning.
- C. Use humidifiers or saline nose drops.
- D. Wear a supportive bra.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform pelvic-tilt exercises. Pelvic-tilt exercises help alleviate back pain common in the third trimester by strengthening abdominal muscles and reducing strain on the lower back. This is appropriate for addressing discomforts during pregnancy.
B: Eating crackers before getting out of bed helps with morning sickness, not third-trimester discomforts.
C: Using humidifiers or saline nose drops is more related to nasal congestion, not common discomforts in the third trimester.
D: Wearing a supportive bra is important during pregnancy but does not directly address common discomforts in the third trimester.
The nurse caring for the pregnant patient must understand that the hormone essential for maintaining pregnancy is:
- A. estrogen.
- B. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
- C. oxytocin.
- D. progesteron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining pregnancy as it helps in thickening the uterine lining to support implantation and fetal development. Estrogen (choice A) plays a role in preparing the uterus for implantation but is not the primary hormone for maintaining pregnancy. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (choice B) is produced by the placenta and helps in detecting pregnancy but does not maintain it. Oxytocin (choice C) is involved in labor and breastfeeding, not in maintaining pregnancy.
Which finding in the urine analysis of a pregnant woman is considered a variation of normal?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Glycosuria
- C. Bacteria in the urine
- D. Ketones in the urine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small amounts of glucose may indicate 'physiologic spilling.' The presence of protein could indicate kidney disease or preeclampsia.