Maternal Disorders

Maternal Disorders Related

Review Maternal Disorders related questions and content

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a woman who is undergoing a total mastectomy. Which will this teaching include? Select all that apply.

  • A. Explain that she will have an IV, a drain, and a dressing in place on awakening. Tell her about expectations she may have regarding physical appearance, pain management, equipment that will be used (IVs, drains, etc.).
  • B. Explain that she will be provided pain management as needed; monitor and review the pain scale to be used to identify level of intensity.
  • C. Have her elevate the affected arm with pillows.
  • D. Turn the woman every 4 hours, alternating between the unaffected side and affected side. To prevent pneumonia and complications, have her cough and take deep breaths every 2 hours, while nurse applies support to the chest.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Answer C (Correct Answer):
1. Elevating the affected arm with pillows post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, aiding in preventing lymphedema.
2. By elevating the arm, it reduces strain on the surgical site and surrounding tissues, promoting comfort and aiding in the healing process.
3. This positioning also helps in preventing postoperative complications such as shoulder stiffness and contractures.

Summary of Why Other Choices are Incorrect:
- Choice A: While important aspects of preoperative teaching, it does not specifically address the need to elevate the affected arm post-mastectomy.
- Choice B: Pain management is crucial, but it does not directly relate to the need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
- Choice D: Turning every 4 hours and coughing exercises are important for preventing complications but do not address the specific need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.

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The nurse is grading a woman's reflexes. Which of the following grades would indicate reflexes that are slightly brisker than normal?

  • A. +1.'
  • B. +2.'
  • C. +3.'
  • D. +4.'
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: +3'. This indicates brisk reflexes. A: +1' indicates a low-normal response, B: +2' indicates a normal response, and D: +4' indicates hyperactive reflexes. +3' is slightly brisker than normal, reflecting an increased response without being hyperactive.

Intrapartum nursing care for a woman who has sickle cell disease focuses on:

  • A. Maintaining oxygenation and preventing dehydration
  • B. Controlling pain and avoiding unnecessary movement
  • C. Preventing excess exertion and limiting visitors
  • D. Increasing calorie intake and avoiding internal monitoring
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining oxygenation is crucial due to the risk of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Dehydration can worsen sickling of red blood cells. Choice B is incorrect because pain control is important but not the primary focus. Choice C is incorrect as excess exertion can trigger a crisis, and limiting visitors is not a priority. Choice D is incorrect as calorie intake and internal monitoring are not directly related to intrapartum care for sickle cell disease.

When bathing an infant, what sign does the nurse recognize as a sign of developmental hip dysplasia?

  • A. Hypotonicity of the leg muscles
  • B. One leg is shorter than the other
  • C. Broadening and flattening of the buttocks
  • D. Two skinfolds on the back of each thigh
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: One leg is shorter than the other. This is a key sign of developmental hip dysplasia in infants. It indicates an imbalance in the hip joint, leading to unequal leg lengths. This can be detected during routine physical examinations by the nurse.

Incorrect choices:
A: Hypotonicity of the leg muscles - While muscle tone abnormalities can be associated with hip dysplasia, it is not a specific sign that is easily recognizable during bathing.
C: Broadening and flattening of the buttocks - This may be a sign of hip dysplasia in older children but is not a typical indicator in infants.
D: Two skinfolds on the back of each thigh - Although skinfolds can sometimes be present in infants with hip dysplasia, it is not a reliable or specific sign compared to the leg length discrepancy.

Which statement by the client indicates further teaching is needed about uterine cancer?

  • A. A Pap test is used to diagnose uterine cancer.
  • B. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the reproductive tract.
  • C. I used estrogen for 2 years without progesterone. This puts me at risk for developing uterine cancer.
  • D. Postmenopausal bleeding could indicate uterine cancer.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a Pap test is used to detect cervical cancer, not uterine cancer.

1. A Pap test screens for cervical cancer by detecting abnormal cells in the cervix.
2. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the reproductive tract, making choice B accurate.
3. Choice C is correct as using estrogen without progesterone can increase uterine cancer risk.
4. Choice D is also accurate as postmenopausal bleeding can be a symptom of uterine cancer.

In summary, the need for further teaching arises from the misconception that a Pap test can diagnose uterine cancer.

An absence of what may facilitate the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis?

  • A. Antibodies
  • B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
  • C. Gardnerella vaginalis
  • D. Vaginal mucosa
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Lactobacillus acidophilus

Rationale: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a beneficial bacteria that helps maintain the acidic pH of the vagina, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. An absence of Lactobacillus acidophilus can disrupt the vaginal microbiota balance, allowing for the overgrowth of harmful bacteria and leading to bacterial vaginosis.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Antibodies - Antibodies play a role in the immune response but are not directly related to the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis.
C: Gardnerella vaginalis - Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, not its absence.
D: Vaginal mucosa - The integrity of the vaginal mucosa is important for protection, but its absence would not directly facilitate bacterial vaginosis.

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