Nokea
The specificity of the adrenergic blocking agents allows the clinician to select a drug to do what?
- A. Have the desired effect
- B. Multiply undesired effects
- C. Increase specificity with higher serum blood levels
- D. Improving concentration in the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This specificity allows the clinician to select a drug that will have the desired therapeutic effects without the undesired effects that occur when the entire sympathetic nervous system is blocked. In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on the concentration of drug in the body. Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels. The nurse should understand the importance of drug specificity to ensure safe and effective administration.
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A client has just been prescribed with methotrexate (Trexall) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis who did not respond to any other treatment. An important reminder for the client is to?
- A. Clay-colored stool is a normal response to the treatment.
- B. Pregnancy is not contraindicated with the use of the medication.
- C. Strict hand washing.
- D. Get a daily source of sunlight during the day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant, increasing the risk of infections. Strict hand washing and infection prevention measures are crucial. Clay-colored stools are not normal and may indicate liver dysfunction. Pregnancy is contraindicated due to the risk of fetal harm. Sunlight exposure should be limited to reduce the risk of photosensitivity reactions.
A patient with extremely high blood pressure (BP) is in the emergency department. The physician will order therapy with nitroglycerin to manage the patient™s BP. Which form of nitroglycerin is most appropriate?
- A. Sublingual spray
- B. Transdermal patch
- C. Oral capsule
- D. IV infusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the emergency management of a patient with extremely high blood pressure, intravenous (IV) administration of nitroglycerin is the most appropriate form of delivery. IV infusion provides rapid and precise control of blood pressure by allowing the medication to take effect quickly and be titrated to the desired blood pressure level. This route of administration is crucial in acute settings like the emergency department, where immediate blood pressure management is needed. Other forms of nitroglycerin, such as sublingual spray, transdermal patch, or oral capsule, may not provide the rapid onset of action required in this critical situation.
Depression that occurs during cold winter months would be classified as
- A. baby blues
- B. bipolar disorder
- C. seasonal affective disorder
- D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) ties depression to winter-less light, per psychiatry-unlike baby blues (postpartum), bipolar (cycles), or OCD (obsessions). SAD's seasonal link defines it, matching symptoms.
The pregnant patient tells the nurse that her prescribed medication is not as effective as it was before her pregnancy. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. This is because your blood volume has increased
- B. Tell me how you have been taking your medication
- C. This is because your baby is receiving part of the medication
- D. Maybe the medication has expired; check the label
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy increases blood volume (50% more), diluting drugs, reducing efficacy-e.g., lower concentration per unit volume, a pharmacokinetic shift. Asking about administration checks adherence, not cause. Baby receiving drug is unlikely-placental transfer varies. Expiration is a guess, not tied to pregnancy. Blood volume explains the change, addressing her concern.
What is a side effect of Heparin?
- A. nausea
- B. diarrhea
- C. bleeding
- D. bronchospasms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A common side effect of Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is the risk of bleeding. Heparin works by preventing the formation of blood clots, which can lead to a bleeding risk as it inhibits the normal clotting process. Patients taking Heparin should be monitored closely for signs of bleeding, such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, or blood in the urine or stools. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients on Heparin therapy and adjust the dosage as needed to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.